Scribd
Upload
16 views

Topic 6 - Transient Response of Simple Control System

Uploaded by

voquocdangkhoa2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views

Topic 6 - Transient Response of Simple Control System

Uploaded by

voquocdangkhoa2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

PROCESS CONTROL

FUNDAMENTALS
CH3031

Transient Response of Content:

Simple Control System


• Proportional Control
• Proportional-Integral Control
• Proportional Control of System with
Measurement Lag

1
Simple Control System

Figure: Block diagram of a temperature-control system


Settling time

The settling time ts is defined as the time required for the transient
response to enter and stay within ± 2% of the steady-state or final value
Peak time

The peak time, denoted by tp is defined as the time required


for the system to reach the maximum overshoot
Rise time

The rise time is the time required for the system response to go from 0.1 to 0.9
of its final or steady-state value.
Overshoot and overshoot percentage

𝑴 𝒑= 𝒚 ( 𝒕 𝒑 ) − 𝒚 𝒔𝒔

𝑴𝒑
𝑴 %𝒑= × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝒚 𝒔𝒔
We now want to design a good PID controller for such a system. Having this
goal means we need to find out the numerical values for the PID parameters
Kp, , such that we have:
1. fast rise time
2. minimum overshoot
3. no steady-state error
Proportional Control
for Set Point Change (Servo)
• Overall transfer function of system shown

• This may be rearranged in the form of a first-


order lag to give

• Where
Proportional Control for Set Point Change
(Servo) cont.…
• For unit step change in TR

• Inverse Laplace Transform

for
Proportional Control for Set Point
Change (Servo) cont.…

Figure: Unit-step response for set-point change (P controller)


Proportional Control for Load
Change (Regulator)

• This may be arranged in the first-order system; thus

Where

For unit step change in Ti

Taking inverse Laplace we get


for
Proportional Control for Load
Change (Regulator) cont.…

Figure: Unit-step response for load change (P controller)


Proportional-Integral Control
for Load Change
• Overall transfer function for load change is

rearrange this gives

Since the denominator contains a quadratic expression, TF may


be written in standard form of 2nd-order system
Proportional-Integral Control
for Load Change cont.…

For step change in load,

Using inverse Laplace, we get for


Proportional-Integral Control
for Load Change cont.…

Figure: Unit-step response for load change (PI controller)


Proportional-Integral Control
for Set-Point Change
• Transfer function of system shown

This equation maybe reduced to standard form


Note:
τ1 and ζ are the
same as before
Introduce a step change,
Proportional-Integral Control
for Set-Point Change cont.…

• Using Laplace inverse we get, for


Proportional-Integral Control
for Set-Point Change cont.…
Example: Proportional-integral
control of stirred-tank heater

Figure: Stirred-tank set point tracking with PI Figure: Stirred-tank set point tracking with PI
control (τ1 = 2 min) control (Kc = 20)
Proportional Control of System
with Measurement Lag

Figure: Control system with measurement lag


Proportional Control of System
with Measurement Lag cont.…
• Transfer function is

where
For set-point change in T’R , for
Proportional Control of System
with Measurement Lag cont.…

Figure: Effect of controller gain and measuring lag on system response for unit-step change in set point

You might also like