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Topic 6 - Momentum

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23 views

Topic 6 - Momentum

Uploaded by

Christian Lerrick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Objectives

 Recall and use the relationship between momentum, mass and


velocity: momentum = mass × velocity p = m × v
 Use the ideas of momentum to explain safety features.
 Use the conservation of momentum to calculate the mass,
velocity or momentum of objects.
 Use the relationship between force, change in momentum
and time taken: force = change in momentum / time
taken
 Understand Newton’s third law.
Impulse and Momentum
v1 = v2 = v3 = 80 km/h m1 = m2 = m3 = 200 kg

m1 = 200 kg v1 = 90 km/h

m2 = 250 kg v2 = 80 km/h

m3 = 300 kg
v3= 70 km/h
Picture 1
Picture 2

Which car is hard to stop?


Momentum is a quantity that indicates the size of
the difficulty to stop the movement of an object.
Example:
A 4200 kg of pickup truck has ae velocity of 20 m/s to the east.
What is the momentum of truck ?

P = momentum (kg.m/s)
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m/s)

P
m v
 All objects in motion have Momentum
 What factors determine how much momentum an
object has?
- Mass
- Velocity
Momentum is another way of looking at how
Momentum objects affect each others' motion. Rather
than looking at how forces change over the
time of the interaction, we can look at how
objects are moving before they interact and
then after they interact.

Momentum is a vector quantity that has the


same direction as the velocity of the object.
It’s a quantity to consider when bodies are
involved in collisions and explosions.
What in Newton’s second law?
 If the resultant force acting on an
object is not zero, all the forces are
said to be unbalanced
 This forms the basis of Newton’s
second law of motion, which states:

If the forces on an object are


unbalanced, two things about the object
can change:
 The speed of the object may change –
it may either increase or decrease
 The direction of motion may change
Application momentum in daily live

1. When we drive a car and it suddenly stops, we will


pushed forward because the amount of momentum is
stable

2. When we play the marbles and bang it to the others


marbles, they will bounce
Momentum is conserved
The Law of Conservation of
Momentum: “In the absence of an
external force (gravity, friction),
the total momentum before the
collision is equal to the total
momentum after the collision.”
Several Types of collisions

p before
  p after
m1v01  m2 v02  m1v1  m2 v2 When 2 objects collide but DON’T stick
m1v01  m2 v02  mtotalvtotal When 2 objects collide and stick together
mtotalvo ( total)  m1v1  m2 v2 When 1 object breaks into 2 objects

Simulation
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/collision-lab/latest/collision-lab_all.html
Sometimes objects stick together or blow apart. In this
case, momentum is ALWAYS conserved.

A trolley of mass 3 kg moving with velocity 5 m/s


collides and couples with a stationary trolley of mass
2 kg and the two move off together with the same
velocity v. Assuming momentum is not lost in the
collision, calculate the value of v !
Correlation Impulse and Momentum Impulse is a vector quantity that has the
same direction as the force. Momentum
Impulse : large amount of force that acts and impulse have the same units: kg·m/s
for short time
I = F x t
I
I = Impulse ( kg . m/s)
F = Force (N) F t
t = time (s)

Impulse : the change in


momentum
Workbook 18
17. A ball off mass 50 g is at rest before being struck by a bat. The collision
between the bat and the ball lasts for 0.002 s, and the speed of the ball
immediately after it leaves the bat is 20 m/s
a. Calculate the momentum of the ball just after it leaves the bat
b. Calculate the impulse acting on the ball during the collision
c. Calculate the steady force which the bat exerts on the ball during the
collision.
Text book Page 59
1. A truck A of mass 500 kg moving at 4 m/s collides with another truck B of
mass 1500 kg moving in the same direction at 2 m/s.
a.Write down an expression for momentum
b.Calculate the momentum of truck A before the collision.
c.Calculate the momentum of truck B before the collision.
d.Determine the common velocity of the trucks after the collision

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