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4.4 - Parallelism - Abstraction

The document discusses parallelism in philosophy, mathematics, and grammar. In philosophy, parallelism refers to the theory that mental and physical events are coordinated without causal interaction. In mathematics, parallel lines are the same distance apart and never intersect. In grammar, parallelism or parallel construction involves using similar grammatical structures within one or more sentences for clarity and readability.

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Leonard Patrick F. Bayno
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30 views

4.4 - Parallelism - Abstraction

The document discusses parallelism in philosophy, mathematics, and grammar. In philosophy, parallelism refers to the theory that mental and physical events are coordinated without causal interaction. In mathematics, parallel lines are the same distance apart and never intersect. In grammar, parallelism or parallel construction involves using similar grammatical structures within one or more sentences for clarity and readability.

Uploaded by

Leonard Patrick F. Bayno
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRAYER

ENERGIZ
ER
E S
T IV
JE C
O B
1. Identify sentences with faulty parallel
structure in the excerpt of Chinua
Achebe's "How the Leopard Got His
Claws" and "Arrow of God".
2. Interpret and discuss sentences with
parallel structure and faulty parallel
structure.
3. Compare and contrast a parallel
structure with a faulty parallel
structure.
4. Construct sentences with appropriate
parallel structures.
N S
T I O
E S
QU
1. What is your initial idea
of parallelism based on
the previous activities?

2. What is the significance


of parallelism?
I SM
E L
L L
R A
PA
What is
Parallelism?
IN PHILOSOPHY,

In the philosophy of mind, parallelism is the


theory that mental and bodily events are
perfectly coordinated, without any causal
interaction between them. As such, it affirms
the correlation of mental and bodily events
(since it accepts that when a mental event
occurs, a corresponding physical effect
occurs as well), but denies a direct cause and
effect relation between mind and body.
IN MATH,

Parallel lines are two lines that are


always the same distance apart and
never touch. In order for two lines to
be parallel, they must be drawn in the
same plane, a perfectly flat surface like
a wall or sheet of paper.
IN GRAMMAR,

parallelism, also known as parallel structure or


parallel construction, is a balance within one
or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses
that have the same grammatical structure. The
application of parallelism affects readability
and may make texts easier to process.
Parallel structure adds both power
and clarity to your writing. When
you use parallel structure, you
increase the readability of your
writing by creating word patterns
readers can follow easily.
Example:

(Not Parallel)
My hobbies are reading,
gardening, and to sew.

(Parallel)
My hobbies are reading,
gardening, and sewing.
Using
Parallel
Structure
With Coordinating
Conjunctions

When you connect two or more


clauses or phrases with a
coordinating conjunction (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, or so), use parallel
structure.
Example:

(Not Parallel)
My best friend took me to a dance
and showing.

(Parallel)
My best friend took me to a dance
and a show.
With Correlative Conjunctions

When you connect two clauses or


phrases with a correlative
conjunction (not only…but also,
either…or, neither…nor, if…then,
etc.), use parallel structure.
Example:

(Not Parallel)
My dog not only likes to play
fetch, but also chase cars.

(Parallel)
My dog not only likes to play
fetch, but he also likes to chase
cars.
With Phrases or Clauses of
Comparison

When you connect two clauses or


phrases with a word of
comparison, such as than or as,
use parallel structure.
Example:

(Not Parallel)
I would rather pay for my education
than financial aid.

(Parallel)
I would rather pay for my education
than receive financial aid.
With Lists

When you are comparing


items in a list, use parallel
structure.
Example:

(Not Parallel)
Before the operation, Martin felt
discouraged, embarrass, and rejected.

(Parallel)
Before the operation, Martin felt
discouraged, embarrassed, and
rejected.
O N
T I
IC A
P L
A P
An Excerpt from
“ARROW OF GOD”
― Chinua Achebe
Ezeulu went into his barn
and take down one yam from
the bamboo platform built
specially for the twelve
sacred yams. There were
eight left.
He knew there would be
eight; nevertheless he
counted them carefully. He
had already eaten three and
has the fourth in his hand.
He checked the remaining
ones again and goes back to
his obi, shutting the door of
the barn carefully after him.
His log fire was smoldering.
He reached for a few sticks
of firewood stacked in the
corner, sets them carefully
on the fire and placed the
yam, like a sacrifice, on top.
As he waited for the yam to
roast, he plans the coming
event in his mind. Today was
Oye. Tomorrow would be
Afo and the next day Nkwo,
the day of the great market.
The festival of the Pumpkin
Leaves would fall on the third
Nkwo from that day. Tomorrow
he would send for his assistants
and tell them to announce the
day to the six villages of
Umuaro.
An Excerpt from
“HOW THE
LEOPARD GOT HIS
CLAWS”
― Chinua Achebe
In the beginning…all the
animals in the forest lived as
friends. Their king was the
leopard. He was strong, but
gentle and wiser. He ruled the
animals well, and they all like
him.
At that time the animals did not
fight one another. Most of them
had no sharp teeth or clawing.
They did not need them. Even
King Leopard had only small
teeth. He had no claws at all.
Only the dog had big,
sharped teeth. The other
animals said he was ugly,
and they laughed at him.
“It is foolish to carry sharp things in the mouth,”
said the tortoise.

“I think so, too,” said the goat.

The monkey jumped in and begins to tease the


dog.

“Don’t worry, my dear friend,” said the monkey.


“You need your teeth to clear your farm.”

The animals laughed at the monkey’s joke.


When the farming season came round,
King Leopard led the animals to their
farmland. They all worked hard to
prepare their plots. At the end of the
day, they returned home tired. They sat
on log benches in the village square.
As they rested, they tell stories and
drank palm wine.
IZ
QU
You are given 10 seconds for each item.
Identify if the following sentences
observe proper parallelism or not.

Write PARALLEL if it observes


parallelism.
Write FAULTY if it observes faulty
parallelism.
If FAULTY, write a revision at the back of
the paper.
1. Alarick likes to travel, meeting people and
to paint historical places.

2. Brenda loves swimming, bowling, and


bicycle riding.

3. He came, he saw, and he received.

4. My mother wakes up early, cooks breakfast


and packed my lunch.
5. My brother plays tennis, badminton, and
golfing.

6. Rhea was not only my boss but also my


friend.

7. The principal is tall, white, and handsome.

8. The boy scouts have put up their tents,


have hiked to the woods and had planted
trees since they arrived.
9. The old house looked
dilapidated, haunting, and
deserted.

10. The tourists wanted to


cook and to swim.
Assignment:

Write at least ten


sentences with the
parallel structure.
N G
D I
L U Y
N C V T
O T I
C CI
A
“Wisdom is like a goatskin
bag; every man carries his
own.”
― Chinua Achebe, Arrow of God
As a student, it is your duty to
carry that bag that is filled with
WISDOM. If you do not carry
that bag, you are not in
PARALLEL with other
individuals. So, always carry it
wherever you go, no matter how
heavy it gets.
you
a nk
T h

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