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40 views15 pages

New 1

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abelsamuel835
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PHYSICS GRADE 9

UNIT 1

PHYSICS AND
HUMAN SOCITY
CONTENTS

 1.1 Definition and Nature of Physics


 1.2 Branches of physics
 1.3 Related Fields of Physics
 1.4 Historical Issues and Contributors
1.1 Definition and Nature of Physics

 The word physics comes from the Greek word phusis meaning
nature. So, we can notice that physics is a branch of natural
science.
 Physics is a branch of natural science aimed to describe
fundamental aspects of our universe.
 Physics describes the basic mechanisms that make our universe
behave the way it does.
 Studying physics helps you to understand concepts, principles,
relationships and lows of neature.
 Person who studies physics is called physicist.
1.2 Branches of Physics

 Mechanics
 Acoustics
 Optics
 Thermodynamics
 Electromagnetism
 Nuclear physics
 Astrophysics
1.Mechanics

 Mechanics is a branch of physics which deals with motion of an


object with or without the reference of force.
 Mechanics is divided into two this include Quantum mechanics
and classical mechanics
Quantum – the word quantum refers to vary small
so, quantum mechanics deals with behavior of smallest
object like sub-atomic particles
Classical – its also the branch of mechanics which studies about
lows of motions of force and physical objects.
2.Optics

 Optics is the other branch of physics that studies about light


 Optics studies about behavior, propagation and property of
light
 How it travels through different mediums
 How its originated
 How is propagate
 And its properties as a hole
3.Acoustics

 Acoustics is the branch of physics which deals with the study of


sound waves.
 Including production (how they are created)transmission (how
they travel) and effect (the change they make).
4.Thermodynamics

 The word thermodynamics is refaring to thermal energy and


the transfer of heat.
 This thermodynamics includes thermodynamic properties
 Temperature
 Pressure
 Volume
In general thermodynamics studies about the relationship between
heat, work, temperature, energy and the behavior of systems
containing different forms of energy.
5.Electromagnetism

 The word electromagnetism is derived from two separate


words “Electricity” and “Magnetism”.
So, that electromagnetism studies about electromagnetic
forces like light, electric field, magnetic field and many others
 Electromagnetism is able to describe how electric generators
work, how hydroelectric power plants work and etc…
6.Nuclear physics

 Nuclear physics is the study of nuclei of an atom its structure


its properties, structures interactions and the process
involving nuclear reactions.
 So, this branch of physics contributes to nuclear energy and
modern war weapons.
7.Astrophysics

 Astrophysics is a science that implies the methods and


principles of physics in studying astronomical objects and
phenomena.
 It focuses on understanding physical properties, behaviors and
interactions stars, planets, galaxies, black holes, dark ,matter,
cosmic rays and other celestial bodies though the lens of
physics principles.
1.3 Related fields of physics

 Physics is related with many fields of studies


 Chemistry – Physical chemistry
 Engineering – its base is physics
 Geography – Geophysics
 Biology – Biophysics
 Medicine – Medical physics
1.4 Historical issues and contributors

Isaac Newton – laid the foundation for classical physics


 He contributed for the lows called Newton's lows of Motion.

Michael faraday – worked specially in electromagnetism


 He maintain to produce mechanical motion be means of
permanent magnet and electric current
 He also converted magnetic force into electrical force leading to
the invention of electric generators
 James Prescott joule – studied the nature of heat and
discovered the relationship with mechanical work. Which lead
to the low of conservation of energy. His work helped lay the
foundation of for the first three lows of thermodynamics which
describes how energy in our universe is transferred from one
object to another or from one form to another.
 Marie Curie – studied in nuclear physics particularly on
radioactivity. She discovered the elements polonium and
radium.
 Albert Einstein – well known for developing the theory of
relativity. He is acknowledged to be the greatest physicist of all
time.
 He also worked in developing the theory of Quantum
mechanics.

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