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Public Administration and Governance in Islam

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12 views30 pages

Public Administration and Governance in Islam

Uploaded by

khalilullah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Public Administration and

Governance in Islam
PART VI
Main Areas
1. Concept of Public Administration in Islam
2. Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
3. Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
4. Governance Structure in Islam i.e. Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law
5. Governance under Pious Khelifat
6. Particular letters of Hazrat Ali AS and Hazrat Umar RA
7. Responsibilities of Civil Servants
8. System of Accountability in Islam
Concept of Public
Administration in Islam
Public Administration
Concept
Meaning of Public Administration
◦ Administer is a English word, which is originated from the Latin
◦ word ‘ad’ and ‘ministrare’,
◦ It means to serve or to manage
◦ Administration means management of affairs, public or private
Various definitions
Prof. Woodrow Wilson (The study of Public Administration )
◦ Public Administration is a detailed and systematic application of
law
L. D. White
◦ Public Administration consists of all those operations having for
their purpose the fulfilment of public policy as declared by
authority
Cont…
Luther Gullick -
◦ Public Administration is that part of the science of administration which has to
do with government and thus, concerns itself primarily with the executive
branch where the work of the government is done
Waldo
◦ Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to the
affairs of the state
Important characteristics of Public
Administration
1. It is part of executive branch of government
2. It is related with the activities of the state
3. It carries out the public policies
4. Its commitment and dedication is to the well being of
the people
Principles of Public Administration
POSDCoRB
oPlanning
oOrganizing
oStaffing
oDirecting
oCoordination
oReporting
oBudgeting
Scope/Objectives of Public Administration in Islam
1. Adle(ensuring everybody his due)
2. Ihsan(welfare of mankind) are the twin objectives of Islam
to be realized through the efficient conduct of public administration
in an Islamic society
Sources of Public Administration
1. Aristotle’s Politics,
2. Kautilya’s Arthasastra,
3. Confucious philosophy,
4. Machiavelli’s Prince,
5. It was Woodrow Wilson(later President of the United States) who set the
tone for its systematic study in late 19 th century
6. In an article titled,”The Study of Administration” , published in the Political
Science Quarterly in 1887, Wilson observed
Islamic Sources
1. Hazrat Ali’s Classical Administrative Policy Letter,
2. Letter of Hazrat Umer RA to governors
3. Nizam-ul-Mulk’s Siasatnama
4. Al-Ghazali’s Counsil for Kings
5. A letter written during Abbasid Caliph Al-Mamun .Written by Tahir Ibn Al-Husayn, Al-
Mamun’s general, to his son Abdullah Ibn Tahir
6. Summarized in Ibn-e-Khaldun’s “Muqqaddamah”.
7. Abul Fazal’s Ain-i-Akbari
The most important variables in Islamic
administration
The most important variables in Islamic administration are :
1. The individual
2. the Shura
3. the Shari’ah
1.Individual
The individual is the public servant—the administrator—the
bureaucrat, the most important human resource of the system who is
responsible for converting the inputs into outputs
The Holy Qur’an says:
“Allah doth command you to render back your trust to those to
whom they are due, and when judge between man and man, that ye
judge with justice(4:58); and
“Truly the best of men for thee to employ is the (man) who is ‘strong’
and ‘trustworthy’”(28:26)
Cont….
‘STRENGTH’ corresponds to the skill and qualifications the job requires and the
ability to understand constitutional(Islamic) principles and the power to apply
them
‘TRUSTWORTHY’ applies to the fear of Allah, honesty, integrity and commitment
to organizational goal(i.e.,social justice)
In Islam, there can be no distinction between the ruler and the ruled, Moslems
and non-Muslims etc
The Qur’an states that: “O ye who believe! let not hatred of any people(or
community) dissuade you from dealing justly. Deal justly, for that is close to
Godliness”(Sura Maida,5:8).
2. Shura
1. Decision Making Body
2. Principle of Shura
Consultation, Consensus, Binding

3. Shura is not a democratic process in the sense of majority vote


4. It seeks consensus building in decision-making based on Islamic ideals
5. It is obligatory on the part of the individuals to be obedient to their leaders and follow their
rightful decisions
6. There are lots of evidences that to have the best and avoid mistakes, Prophet(SM) and the
rightly guided Khalifs have always consulted with their companions in all important policy
matters in the administration of Madina state
7. Even the non-Muslims were consulted in matters that pertain to politics, economics and
military affair
3. Shriah
1. Shari’ah affects every aspect of administration such as
recruitment ,budgeting, supervision, efficiency, evaluation, and policy analysis
2. In the Holy Qur’an, Allah says:
“O ye who believe! Obey God, and obey the Apostle, And those charged with authority among
you, if ye differ in anything Among yourself, refer it To God and His Apostle If ye do believe in
God And the Last Day. That is best, and most suitable for final determination”(4:59)

3. However, to assure the feasibility and workability of this Islamic


administrative model, certain conditions must exist:
1. a) a total Islamic environment in the political, socio-economic and cultural sphere;
2. b) existence and availability of individuals i.e., decision-makers and administrators who are
committed to the values of Islam which includes good management and
Outline
Concept of PA in Islam
◦ Dict Meaning
◦ Definitions
◦ Principles

Scope of PA

Scope in Islam

Models of PA

Western Models
◦ Bureaucratic , Human Relation Model

Islamic Model of Public Admin


◦ Principles
◦ Characteristics
◦ Outcomes

Variables of PA in Islam

Conclusion/Apprisal
Thank You
Concept in Islam
The Holy Prophet took special care in allocating offices of the state
A tradition has been narrated by Bukharee from Abu Hurraira in
which The Prophet pointed out that if the offices were assigned to
unworthy people, which would mean the end of this world
Quranic Guidance on
Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications
in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh
Governance Structure in Islam i.e.
Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic
Law
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar and
Hazrat Ali to different Authorities
1. Rajiv Gandhi use to give letter 53 to his new cabinet members
2. 1997 Kofi Annan did a survey in the UN to find the greatest
document of justice ever
3. As a result the UN concluded that Letter 53 in the Peak of
Eloquence was the greatest document of justice ever
4. In addition, the UN has made a commemoration about this letter
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam

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