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ch4 GP

The document discusses polarization states of light and how they relate to reflection, refraction, and transmission when light interacts with surfaces. It also discusses Snell's law and Fresnel coefficients as they apply to the reflection and refraction of light at interfaces between different media like water and ice.

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Handini Novita Sari
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19 views

ch4 GP

The document discusses polarization states of light and how they relate to reflection, refraction, and transmission when light interacts with surfaces. It also discusses Snell's law and Fresnel coefficients as they apply to the reflection and refraction of light at interfaces between different media like water and ice.

Uploaded by

Handini Novita Sari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH4: Reflection and Refraction in a Homogenous Medium.

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Polarization States: A reminder

Wave/Photon boson: Polarization.


Linear Polarization: E-field in one direction.
Circular, elliptical polarization: E-Efield rotates due to phase
difference between horizontal and vertical components.
From: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polclas.html

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


More Details on the Polarization States

Elliptical Polarization:
The most general
representation.

Circular Polarization

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Three Choices for Solar Radiation

Emissivity is the same as absorptivity. Source can be visible or


infrared radiation, or other wavelengths as well, microwave, etc.

Transmission + Reflection + Absorption = 1

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Reflection, Refraction, and Transmission

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Radiant Intensity and Flux: How do we deal with reflected radiation?

What are examples of each type of reflection?


Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Trace velocity matching principle: Snell’s law (continuity
of the wavefront at a boundary)
“slow is more normal”
Here assume
n1=n1r, n1i=0, Another type of reflection
n2=n2r, n2i=0. without a real interface.
n1sin(1)= n2sin(2)
MIRAGES
z

For a gas, (nr-1) ≈ 


=gas density.

d/dz > 0 for this type or mirage.

What does this say about the likelihood of


convection?
Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Snell’s Law: Kinematics

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Complex Refractive Index for Water and Ice

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Some Basics, Electromagnetic Skin Depth

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Wave Penetration Depth in Water and Ice

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Boundary Conditions at Interfaces: Used with Plane Wave Solutions of
Maxwell’s Equations for E and H to get the Fresnel Coefficients.

• Used along with boundary conditions to calculate the single scattering properties of aerosols
and hydrometeors (cloud droplets, rain drops, ice crystals, snow flakes, etc), from first
principles if possible. {Mie theory for homogeneous spheres, coupled dipole theory for general
particles, T-Matrix method, etc}

• Are not used to calculate the radiation field arriving at the surface from the complex
atmosphere. Multiple scattering theory is used.

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Fresnel Reflection Coefficients: What is the magnitude of the light specularly
reflected from a surface? (Also can get the transmitted wave magnitude).

i
Medium 1
Medium 2

t

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Reflectivity of Water And Ice

Brewster
Angle

Mid Visible (green) Microwave


=0.5 microns =15,000 microns
nr = 1.339430 nr = 6.867192
ni = 9.243 x 10-10 ni = 2.630

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Reflectivity of Water And Ice: Normal Incidence

What drives the reflectivity?

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer


Geometrical Optics: Interpret Most Atmospheric Optics from
Raindrops and lawn sprinklers (from Wallace and Hobbs CH4)

Rainbow
from
raindrops

Primary Rainbow Angle: Angle of Minimum Deviation


(turning point) for rays incident with 2 chords in raindrops.

Secondary Rainbow Angle: Angle of Minimum Deviation


(turning point) for rays incident with 3 chords in raindrops.
Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Rainbow Optics



scattering
angle

nr

See http://www.philiplaven.com/p8e.html, and


atmospheric optics.
Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Geometrical Optics: Rainbow (from Petty)

Angle of minimum
Distance x is also known as deviation from the
forward direction.
the impact parameter. (Height Focusing or
above the sphere center.) confluence of
rays.
Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Geometrical Optics: Interpret Most Atmospheric Optics from Ice
Crystals (from Wallace and Hobbs CH4)

22 deg and 45 deg Halos from cirrus crystals of the column


or rosette (combinations of columns) types. Both are angle
of deviation phenomena like the rainbow. Crystal orientation
important. 22 deg halo, more common, thumb rule to
measure size of arc.
Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer
Light Scattering Basics (images from Wallace and Hobbs CH4).

Angular Distribution of scattered


radiation (phase function)

x x
Sphere, radius r, complex refractive
index n=mr + imi
Dipole scattering
Dimensionless Parameters
x
Size Parameter ≡x = 2πr
λ
Scattering Efficiency≡Qs = σ sca
πr2
mr=1.5
x

Qs
x
Lines :
x
r = 2xπ λ

Pat Arnott, ATMS 749 Atmospheric Radiation Transfer

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