A.N. AFANDI, S.T., M.T.

INTRODUCTION
1
Several days ago I got an information to enroll
of Visual Education. 2I went to Malang when
3
my friends have been getting in the bus to
Apel Town. 4We study together at UM every 3
days a month after 5I have met them, and we
6
will come back home on next week but 7other
will be firstly watching cinema at 19.00
o’clock. 8In the middle us would have remained
home on Wednesday. And 9we are lecturing
again on Friday soon.
The Importance of Time
Verb tense expresses
the time of an event or
action. Time and how it is
expressed in writing is
very important to English
readers. In this lesson,
we will review the
meaning of some verb
tenses.
THE PAST TENSE

The Simple Past

We use the simple past to indicate exactly

when an action or event took place in the past.

S+V2+O

I visited my sister yesterday. S+Didn’t+V1+O

We went out to dinner last night. Did+S+V1+O
THE PAST TENSE The Simple Past

The simple past is used to describe actions

and/or events that are now completed and no
longer true in the present.

I attended Sport in 1998

I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager
THE PAST TENSE

The Past Progressive

The past progressive is used
to talk about an activity that
was in progress at a specific
point of time in the past. The
emphasis is on the duration of
the activity in the past.
S+was/were+V1-ing+O
S+was/were+not+V1-ing+O
Was/were+S+V1-ing+O

I was studying for an exam while my mother

was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m.
last night.
THE PAST TENSE The Past Progressive

The past progressive is often used with the

simple past to show that one action was in
progress when another action occurred.

I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.

They were eating dinner when the neighbors
stopped by for a visit.
THE PAST TENSE

The Past Perfect

This tense describes completed
events that took place in the past
before another past event.

had received it hit S+had+V3+O

had eaten my friend stopped by
S+had+not+V3+O
Had+S+V3+O

The Tanpomas had received many warnings

before it sink into the sea.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped
by to visit.
THE PAST TENSE

The Past Perfect

Progressive
This tense describes events in progress still that
took place in the past before another past event.
had been it hit S+had+been+V1-ing+O
receiving my friend stopped by
S+had+not+been+V1-ing+O
Had+S+been+V1-ing+O

The Tanpomas had been receivingmany

warnings before it sink into the sea.
I had been already eating when my friend
stopped by to visit.
THE PRESENT TENSE

The Simple Present

Tense

Expresses a habit or often repeated action. Adverbs

of frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never,
etc. are used with this tense.

S+V1-s/es+O
S+do/does+not+V1+O
She goes to work everyday.
They always eat lunch together. Do/does+S+V1+O
THE PRESENT TENSE The Simple Present Tense

This tense also expresses general truths or facts

that are timeless.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present
Progressive

This tense is used to describe an action that is

occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year,
etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress.

S+am/are+V1-ing+O
S+am/are+not+V1-ing+O
Am/are+S+V1-ing+O
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
THE PRESENT TENSE The Present Progressive

The present progressive can also be used to

describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is
temporary.

Johan is living in Pasuruan, but he might move soon.

THE PRESENT TENSE

The Present
Perfect

The present perfect is used to talk about an event

that began in the past and continues up to the present.

S+have/hasV3+O
S+have/has+not+V3+O
Have/has+S+V3+O

He has lived in Malang for two years

THE PRESENT TENSE The Present Perfect

The present perfect is also used to talk about an

event that was completed in the past, but the specific
time of the event is not important.

I have seen that movie before.

He has already visited Bali.
THE PRESENT TENSE

Present Perfect
Progressive

This tense is used to describe the duration of an

action that began in the past and continues into the
present.
S+have/has+been+V1-ing+O
S+have/has+not+been+V1-ing+O
Have/has+S+V1-ing+O

He has been studying grammar for an hour.

She has been cooking all day.
THE PRESENT TENSE Present Perfect Progressive

This tense is also used to describe events that have

been in progress recently and are rather temporary.

She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she
plans to move soon.
THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future
Will and be + going + to are often
used to describe future actions.

S+will+V1+O
S+will+not+V1+O
Will+S+V1+O

Thomas will graduate in June.

Maria is going to go to Bali next week.
THE FUTURE TENSE The Future

The simple present and present progressive are also

used to express future time. These are often used in
connection with schedules.

She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.

The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future Progressive

This tense is used to describe an
event or action that will occur over a
period of time at a specific point in the
future. at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive

S+will+be+V1-ing+O
S+will+be-not+V1-ing+O
Will+S+be+V1-ing+O

I will be teaching TOEFL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the
time you arrive tomorrow.
THE FUTURE TENSE

The Future Perfect

This tense is used to describe an
event or action that will be completed
before another event or time in the future.

S+will+have+V3+O will have finished the exam class ends

S+will+not+have+V3+O
Will+S+have+V3+O

We will have finished the exam by the time class ends

tomorrow.
THE FUTURE TENSE

Future Perfect Progressive

This tense describes an action that has
been in progress for a duration of time before
another event or time in the future.

finishes law school

S+will+have+been+V1-ing+O
S+will+not+have+been+V1-ing+O
Will+S+have+been+V1-ing+O

By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in

Village eight years.
SUMMARY
TENSE PAST PRESENT FUTURE PAST FUTURE
Simple S+V2+O S+V1+es/s+O S+will/shall+V1+O S+would/should+V1+
O
Progressive S+were/was+V1+i S+do/does+V1+ing+O S+ will/shall S+ would/should
ng+O +be+V1+ing+O +be+V1+ing+O
Perfect S+had+V3+O S+has/have+V3+O S+ will/shall S+ would/should
+have+V3+O +have+V3+O
Perfect S+had+been+V1+ S+has/have+been+V1+ S+ will/shall S+ would/should
Progressi ing+O ing+O +have+been+V1 +have+been+V1+i
ve +ing+O ng+O
TENSE PAST PRESENT FUTURE PAST FUTURE
Simple Event happened began Event as habitual, routine, Event in progress will Event will be do if the
and ended in fact, general truth happen requirement
past with exactly completely in the past
time
Progressive Event in progress at Event in progress at present Event will be in progress Event in progress like past
the past time, or happening now, at the future time or now will be do in
probably around now, getting the future
continued changing, planned
future
Perfect Event completely Event finished before and Event will be completely Event in fancing and
finished before result now, exactly finished before requirement
another time in time is not important another time in the uncompletely
the past future
Perfect Event in progress Event in progress when Event in progress before Event in progress like past
Progressive before another before now, up now another time in the or now will be do in
event in the past future the future