Science Department

Unit:4 Flow of Electrical Energy

Lesson 2:Exploration 2:Generating Current Using Magnets

Standards:
HS-PS3-3
HS-PS2-5
Learning Objective :To explore the factors affecting the efficiency of current generation with magnets.
Analyze practical applications of magnetism in generating electrical current.

Success Criteria:
• Students are able to explain the energy transformation in generators.
• Describe real-world applications of electromagnetic induction, such as in generators, transformers, and
magnetic levitation systems.
• Evaluate how changes in magnetic field strength or coil geometry affect the induced current.
3Qs of assessment
Classroom Rules and Lesson Cycle
Warm up
(Lets start to think)

Teacher (I Do )
(Listen carefully to the teacher)

We Do
(Time to collaborate and participate)

You Do
(Time to try it by yourself)

Exit Ticket
(End of lesson Assessment)
Period 3
Lesson 4.1:Generating Current Recall/Starter Learning objective: Students
Using Magnets will model electric current as
Activity a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
understand its practical
applications in daily life.
Prior Knowledge
Ask students to share their experiences with electrical instruments to .
gauge their prior knowledge and interest.
Visible Thinking Routine:
Starter
Begin the class by asking students about the different electrical gadgets they
W
use at home and school. K L
- Mention how essential electricity is for basic needs like lighting, cooking, and What I
What I What I
communication devices. Highlight the importance of understanding electrical Want to
Know learned
energy for students' future careers in fields like engineering and technology. Know
Lesson 4.3:Generating Current (I Do) Learning objective: Students
Using Magnets will model electric current as
a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
understand its practical
A magnetic field forms around an electric current. This field affects compass needles, iron filings, applications in daily life.
and other test objects in the same way the magnetic field around a bar magnet does. This behavior
indicates that magnetic and electric phenomena are connected.
.
Energy Transformations in Generators
A bicycle generator is one way to produce electrical energy without connecting to an electric
grid or a battery. Bicycle generators are stationary bicycles that use the motion of a rider's
pedaling to generate electrical energy. When the pedals are stationary, no electric current
exists in the circuit. When a rider pedals, electric current is generated in the wire. This
current is sufficient to run or recharge small appliances.

The diagram shows the subsystems within a wind turbine. The electric generator
highlighted in the diagram has an input of kinetic energy in the form of rotational
motion and outputs electrical energy. Generators can use other sources of kinetic
energy, such as a flowing liquid like a river or tides. A human turning a crank can also
act as the source of kinetic energy. The opposite energy transformation takes place in
an electric motor, which is a device that has an input of electrical energy and outputs
kinetic energy, usually as motion of a crank or shaft. Some generators can be adapted
to function as motors, and some motors can be adapted to function as generators.
 Lesson 4.3:Generating Current
Using Magnets Learning objective: Students
will model electric current as
Relating Electric Current and Magnetism a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
Electric and magnetic phenomena are closely related and often discussed together as electromagnetism.
understand its practical
Many modern technologies apply electromagnetism to transfer energy over a short distance. applications in daily life.

Electromagnetic Induction .
The presence of an electric charge, such as a balloon with a static charge, is not enough to generate
a magnetic field. Similarly, a magnet laid near a wire will not cause a current. However, a moving
charge will cause a magnetic field to form around the charge. In turn, a changing magnetic field
near a wire will cause an electric field and generate a current in the wire.
Electromagnetic induction is the formation of a voltage across a conductor in a changing
magnetic field. When electromagnetic induction causes a current to form, it is said that current has
been induced. A current can be induced in a coil of wire by placing it in a changing magnetic field
with no need for physical contact between the wire and a battery. This method of transferring and
transforming energy is crucial to the design of many electrical systems, including generators and
the electric grid.

Electromagnetism and Force

A changing magnetic field exerts a force on a charged particle. This force affects electrons
constrained within wires differently depending on the relative shape and orientation of the wire and
the magnetic field. In some cases, this interaction induces a current in the wire, as in an electric
generator. In other cases, it can cause the wire to move, as in an electric motor.
Lesson 4.3 :Generating Current Learning objective: Students
Using Magnets
(We Do) will model electric current as
a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
understand its practical
PREDICT You determined that an electric current in a wire generates a magnetic field. applications in daily life.
Do you think a magnetic field can generate an electric current? Explain your answer.

EVALUATE A bicycle generator outputs electrical energy. What type of energy is input to the system?

A. electrical energy
B. gravitational potential energy
C. magnetic potential energy
D. kinetic energy

Kinetic energy, or the energy associated with motion, is input to the system by the bicycle rider
moving the pedals.
Lesson 4.3:Generating Current Differentiated Tasks Learning objective: Students
Using Magnets will model electric current as
You Do : a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
understand its practical
Task 1 Task 2 applications in daily life.

Task 3
.

Explain the underlying principle and

working of an electric generator by
drawing a labelled diagram. What is
the function of brushes?

An electric generator converts mechanical energy

into electrical energy. The principle of working of
an electric generator is that when a loop is moved
in a magnetic field, an electric current is induced in
the coil. It generates electricity by rotating a coil in
a magnetic field. The following figure shows a
simple AC generator.

If axle X is rotated clockwise, then the length MN moves upwards while length ST moves
downwards. Since the lengths MN and ST are moving in a magnetic field, a current will be
induced in both of them due to electromagnetic induction. Length MN is moving upwards
and the magnetic field acts from left to right. Hence, according to Fleming’s right hand rule
the direction of induced current will be from M to N. Similarly, the direction of induced
current in the length ST will be from S to T.The direction of current in the coil is MNST.
Hence, the galvanometer shows a deflection in a particular direction. After half a rotation,
length MN starts moving down whereas length ST starts moving upward. The direction of
the induced current in the coil gets reversed as TSNM. As the direction of current gets
reversed after each half rotation, the produced current is called an alternating current
(AC).Brushes are used to maintain contact between rotating rings and the circuit.
Early Finishers Allocated time: 5 minutes Learning objective: Students
will model electric current as
a transfer of energy and
explore electrical energy to
understand its practical
EXPLAIN Electrons in a typical household circuit drift only about applications in daily life.
1 cm per hour. Yet, when you flip a light switch to close a circuit, a lamp in
(Challenge) the circuit will begin shining almost immediately no matter where it is in the .
circuit. Explain why the lamp turns on so quickly if the electrons drift so
slowly.

AP Question(Practice Work)
Observe the graph of potential difference (V) drawn between two ends of a conductor and current (I) passing through it. Answer
the following questions :

a) Which law is used to explain the graph? State it.

b) What is the resistance of the conductor? (AP June 2017)

Home work
EXPLAIN Batteries discharge direct current. Wall outlets in a home provide alternating current. What is the
purpose/need of the adapter shown between the wall outlet and the laptop computer?
Lesson 4.1:Describing Electrical Energy Learning objective : To
explore and understand the

Exit Ticket Allocated time: 5 minute. mapping of magnetic fields

and to comprehend the
concept of magnetic fields and
how they can be visualized
and represented.
Differentiate between electric generators and
electric motors.

Students' self reflection: Allocated time: 3 minute.