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Logic and Reasoning Presentations

Reasoning is a mental process of understanding the unknown from the known by giving reasons and support for conclusions. Logic is the study of correct reasoning and involves distinguishing sound arguments from faulty ones. Legal reasoning applies legal principles to problems to reach conclusions in a logical manner.

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39 views

Logic and Reasoning Presentations

Reasoning is a mental process of understanding the unknown from the known by giving reasons and support for conclusions. Logic is the study of correct reasoning and involves distinguishing sound arguments from faulty ones. Legal reasoning applies legal principles to problems to reach conclusions in a logical manner.

Uploaded by

081rajasajid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Reasoning

• Reasoning is a mental process in which we understand what is


unknown from what is known. -Giving Reasons for our thoughts
and conclusions.
• When we reason we support our claims. Reasoning is not the
only way in which people support assertions they make or accept.

• when someone wants to make judgments that can be completely


relied upon, their only solid foundation will be correct reasoning.
• Using the methods and techniques of logic—one can distinguish
reliably between sound and faulty reasoning.
What does Reasoning Meaning?
• The term, “Reasoning” in its popular sense means,
“the action of thinking about something in a logical,
rational and sensible way”.
• It is the act or process of drawing conclusions from
the given facts or evidences.
• In other words, reasoning is the method of forming
conclusion and arriving at a judgement after looking
into the given facts and evidences.
What is Logic
• Logic in Greek word logos means reason, word, cause.
• Logic is the study of the methods and principles used
to distinguish correct from incorrect reasoning.
• Logic is the study of thoughts expressed in language.
• Logic is science , studies the forms of arguments,
concerned with the validity of the arguments. It tests
the correctness of arguments.
Literal Meanings of Logic
The Cambridge Dictionary defines the term, “logic” in
the following words “A particular way of thinking,
especially one that is reasonable and is based on good
judgment” .

In simple words the term “logic” means, “thinking


sensibly, rationally and reasonably.”
• For instance: If I did not find my valet in my pocket,
there is possibility that:
• It has fallen out of my pocket;
I have forgotten it at home;
Someone has taken it out of my pocket;
Someone has got it disappeared, therefore, neither
can I see it nor can I touch it while it is still in my
pocket;
Technical Meanings of Logic
• The term logic has technically been defined as: “the
science of inferring correct or reliable conclusion from
the given facts.”
• Logic may also be defined as: “the organized body of
knowledge, or science that evaluates arguments.”
• To sum up it can be said that logic is the science of the
principles and conditions of correct thinking.
Types of Logic
• Types of Logic : There are two types of logic
• Formal Logic: Which have form, -The validity and
invalidity of the argument, if the premises are true,
the conclusion has to true.
• Ex. All men are mortal, Socrates is a man ,
(conclusion)Socrates is a mortal.
• Informal Logic: Which don’t Have form, -How strong
and weak the argument is, if the premises are true,
the conclusion might be true.
• Ex. All lions I have seen were yellow, so all lions are
yellow, (conclusion) The next lion will we see will be
yellow.
Significance of Logic in the
Study of Law:
• There is a close relation between logic and law. This
fact is apparent from expressions we frequently hear
after the trial of a case. We often hear expressions
such as:
• “The lawyer for the defense presented very logical
arguments.”
“The plaintiff's counsel presented his evidence in a
logical manner.”
Use of Logic by Legal
Professionals:
• In the practice of their profession, lawyers
consistently use arguments, both verbally and in
writing.
• Arguments require logic to be clear and acceptable to
a judge and jury. Consequently, the study of logic is
essential to the study of law.
Mistaken View of the Law
Students about Logic:
• Majority of law students are of the mistaken view that they
are at the law school only for learning law. And that
application of law or the art of preparing cases arguments
can only be learnt when they will be assisting a lawyer at the
bar.
• This notion is totally mistaken and a law student has to gain
the skill of applying law on the given situation besides
learning the law at the law schools. That is why learning
logic and legal reasoning is essential requirement for law
students.
What is Legal Reasoning?
• Literal Meaning of “Legal Reasoning: The phrase
“legal reasoning” literally means the action of thinking
about something in a logical or sensible way. It is
typically understood to be the practice of identifying
the legal rules applicable to a particular legal issue.
Applying those rules to a legal issue or problem in
order to reach to a reasonable conclusion concerning
legal issue or problem.
Examples of Legal Reasoning:
• Legal reasoning is a mental activity through which
certain conclusions are drawn from certain available
facts. For instance:
• When smoke is seen it is inferred that there is a fire;
• When there are 50 students in the class upon
counting they are turn 49, it is inferred that one
student is missing.
• In both of above cases reasoning is used for reaching
to a conclusion.
Technical Meanings of Legal
Reasoning:
• The phrase, “Legal Reasoning” may be defined in its
technical and legal sense as:
• “The process through which a legal problem is solved
by the application of a legal principle on a legal
problem and to infer certain conclusion.”
• It means that when a person uses his mental
capabilities in deciding a case or arguing in such case,
he is said to have applied legal reasoning.
Example:
• In case of a person who is accused of murdering another
by shooting him with his gun. The task of the person, who
has been asked to give his opinion whether an offence has
been committed or not, is to search for a relevant legal
principle to apply on the case.
• He comes across two relevant principles, one says that the
act of murdering another is an offence punishable by the
penal laws. While there is another principle which says
that murder is not an offence if has been committed in the
exercise of one’s right of private defense.

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