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ELEMENTS OF SHORT
STORY
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SETTING
IT IS AN ELEMENT THAT
REVEALS WHERE THE STORY
HAPPENED.

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CHARACTERS
THEY ARE THE PERFORMERS OF A STORY.
IT MAY REFER TO THE HERO OR TO THE
HEROIN OF THE STORY. IT INCLUDES
PEOPLE PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
A GIVEN STORY ASIDE FROM THE
PRINCIPAL CHARACTERS.
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6 TYPES
- Protagonist - dynamic
- Antagonist - round
- Static - flat

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CONFLICT
• it refers to the collision between one
character and another, between a
character and some elements in the
world about him.
• Can be categorized into 2 which is
INTERNAL and EXTERNAL

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INTERNAL CONFLICT

-The character’s problem is caused

by his own limitations &
weaknesses
 MAN VS HIMSELF
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INTERNAL CONFLICT

-The character’s problem is caused

by his own limitations &
weaknesses
 MAN VS HIMSELF
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EXTERNAL CONFLICT
• MAN VS MAN
• MAN VS NATURE
• MAN VS SOCIETY

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PLOT
IT REFERS TO THE STORYLINE IN A
NOVEL, PLAY, FILM OR OTHER WORK OR
FICTION, OR OTHER WORK OF FICTION.
IT IS TRADITIONALLY A SCHEME OF
CONNECTED CHARACTERS.

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PLOT
 Has 5 parts
- Exposition
- Rising action
- Climax
- Falling action
- Resolution or ending

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THEME
= it refers to the central idea of any
piece of literary work.
= is the “central idea” or “ main
message” the author wants his readers
to understand and to live by.

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POINT OF VIEW
= IT IS A DEVICE USED BY THE WRITER
IN
IT IS APRESENTING
DEVICE USED BY THE WRITERHIS IDEA.
IN PRESENTING HIS IDEA.

 First
 First person ( I, we)
person
Second person ( you) ( I, we)
 Second person ( you)
Third person

 Third person
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ELEMENTS OF POETRY
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STANZA
= is a group of lines forming


the basic metrical unit in a
IT IS A DEVICE USED BY THE WRITER IN PRESENTING HIS IDEA.
First person ( I, we)
Second person ( you)

poem; a verse
Third person

= equivalent to a paragraph
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STANZA
Couplet ( 2 line)
Tercet ( 3 lines)
Quatrain ( 4 lines)
IT IS A DEVICE USED BY THE WRITER IN PRESENTING HIS IDEA.
Cinquain
 First person ( I, we) (5 lines)
 Second person ( you)
Third Sestet
person ( 6 lines)
Septet ( 7 lines)
Octave ( 8 lines)

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METER
= measurement of the poem
MY DIM HEART
BY MAICA JILL N. DE GUZMAN

SILENT TEARS OF PAIR,

THE LORD ENTERS MAY DIM HEART
RENEWED STRENGHT AND FAITH

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RHYME
= is when two words sound the same when
spoken
= bright and night, day and sway, thought
and bought , start and far
= AABB, ABAB, ABCD
= a poem without Rhyme is a BLANK VERSE

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TONE

= overall impression the

poem makes
= the emotion/s conveyed by
the poem
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IMAGERY

= this is part of what can

make it challenging to read
a poem
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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

 is a type of language that varies from the norms of literal

language, in which words mean exactly what they say.
also known as the “ornaments of language”, figurative
language does not mean exactly what it says, but instead
forces the reader to make an imaginative leap in order
to comprehend the poet’s point.

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FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

 is a type of language that varies from the norms of literal

language, in which words mean exactly what they say.
also known as the “ornaments of language”, figurative
language does not mean exactly what it says, but instead
forces the reader to make an imaginative leap in order
to comprehend the poet’s point.

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SIMILE

=CONSISTS OF COMPARING TWO

THINGS USING THE WORDS LIKE
OR AS.

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SIMILE
=CONSISTS OF COMPARING TWO
THINGS USING THE WORDS LIKE
OR AS.
EXAMPLE: SHE IS LIKE A FAIRY

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METAPHOR

=USES A DIRECT COMPARISON OF

TWO UNLIKE THINGS OR IDEAS.
EX. SHE IS THE STAR OF THE
SHOW
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PERSONIFICATION

= GIVES HUMAN TRAITS TO

INANIMATE OBJECTS OR IDEAS.
EX. THE FURIOUS STORM
DISRUPTED THE CITY

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APOSTROPHE
=IS A DIRECT ADDRESS TO SOMEONE
ABSENT, DEAD OR INANIMATE.
EX. TWINKLE, TWINKLE LITTLE
STAR, HOW I WONDER WHAT YOU
ARE.
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METONYMY
= SUBSTITUTES A WORD THAT
CLOSELY RELATES TO A PERSON OR A
THING.
EX. THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAT
THE SWORD
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SYNECDOCHE
= USES PART TO REPRESENT THE
WHOLE
EXAMPLE: ALL HANDS AT
WORK

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HYPERBOLE

MAKE USE OF EXAGERATION

EX. HER HAIR WAS A
FLOWING GOLDEN RIVER.
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HYPERBOLE

MAKE USE OF EXAGERATION

EX. HER HAIR WAS A
FLOWING GOLDEN RIVER.
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IRONY
 SAYS THE OPPOSITE OF WHAT IS MEANT OR
SARCASM.
 EX. : “ NICE CLEAN WATER THAT YOU’VE
GOT HERE”. SAYS THE SPEAKER AS HE IS
STANDING ON THE EDGE OF A POLLUTED
WATER.
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ALLUSION

 REFERS TTO ANY LITERARY, BIBLICAL,

HISTORICAL, MYTHOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC
EVENT, CHARACTER OR PLACE.
EX. SHE WAS A GOOD SAMARITAN WHEN
SHE HELPED THE LADY (BIBLE)

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ANTITHESIS

 INVOLVES A CONTRAST IDEAS

EX. TO ERR IS HUMAN TTO FORGIVE IS
DIVINE;
GIVE EVERY MAN THY EAR BUT FEW
THY VOICE
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PARADOX

 USES PHRASES OR STATEMENT THAT ON

SURFACE SEEMS CONTRADICTORY BUT
MAKES SOME KIND OF EMOTIONAL SENSE.
EX. “ I MUST BE CRUEL TO BE KIND” –
WILLIAM SHAKEPEARE, HAMLET

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PARADOX

 USES PHRASES OR STATEMENT THAT ON

SURFACE SEEMS CONTRADICTORY BUT
MAKES SOME KIND OF EMOTIONAL SENSE.
EX. “ I MUST BE CRUEL TO BE KIND” –
WILLIAM SHAKEPEARE, HAMLET

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