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303 views

ATP PPT

Uploaded by

agotsolania5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ATP-ADP CYCLE

ATP: THE CELL’S CURRENCY

• Life processes require a constant supply of energy.


• Cells use energy that is stored in the bonds of certain organic molecules.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that transfers energy from the
breakdown of food molecules to cell processes.
ATP:
STRUCTURE
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the
most important biological molecule
that supplies energy to the cell.
• A molecule of ATP is composed of
three parts bonded together by “high
energy” bonds:

1. A nitrogenous base
(adenine)

2. • A sugar (ribose)

3. • Three phosphate
groups (triphosphate)
5

ATP

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups


WHERE DOES ATP COME
FROM?
• ATP comes indirectly from the food that we eat.
• Molecules of carbohydrates (glucose) and lipids are broken
down through the process of cellular respiration to produce
ATP.
ATP-ADP CYCLE

• The energy stored in ATP is released when a phosphate group is removed from the
molecule.
• ATP has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the third phosphate groups
is very easily broken.
• When the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes ADP—adenosine diphosphate
• A phosphate is released into the cytoplasm and energy is released.
• ADP is a lower energy molecule than ATP, but can be converted to ATP by the
addition of a phosphate group.
• ATP → ADP + phosphate + energy available for cell processes
STEPS IN THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

• To supply cells with energy, a “high energy” bond in ATP is


broken. ADP is formed and a phosphate is released back
into the cytoplasm.

ATP ADP + phosphate +


energy
STEPS IN THE ADP-ATP CYCLE

• As the cell requires more energy, ADP becomes ATP when a free
phosphate attaches to the ADP molecule. Then energy needed to create
an ATP molecule is much less than the amount of energy produced
when the bond is broken.

ADP + phosphate + energy ATP


HOW DO YOU “RECHARGE” THE BATTERY?

• ADP is continually converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate during the


process of cellular respiration.
• ATP carries much more energy than ADP.
• As the cell requires more energy, it uses energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to attach a free phosphate group to an ADP molecule in order to make
ATP.
ADP + phosphate + energy from breakdown of food molecules→ ATP
WHEN IS ATP USED?

• ATP is consumed in the cell by energy-requiring processes and can be


generated by energy-releasing processes.
• In this way ATP transfers energy between separate biochemical reactions in the
cell.
• ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions.
• This includes the production of organic molecules, including DNA and, and
proteins.
• ATP also plays a critical role in the transport of organic molecules across cell
membranes, for example during exocytosis and endocytosis
TYPES OF REACTIONS

• Exergonic(energy-yielding)
• Produces ATP
• Ex. Cellular respiration

• Endergonic (energy-
requiring) reactions
• Requires ATP
• Ex. Photosynthesis
ATP VS ADP
ATP ADP

Main energy source for the cell Contains Less energy

Contains 3 phosphate groups (triphosphate) Contains 2 phosphate groups (diphosphate)


IMPORTANCE OF ATP-ADP CYCLE

• ATP acts as a cell's storehouse of energy.


• It enables cells to store energy safely in small packets and release the
energy for use only as and when needed.
• In other words, ATP serves to close the gap between energy-releasing
reactions such as food breakdown and energy-requiring actions such as
synthesis.

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