YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING

TE – 41022 MILL ORGANIZATION

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Introduction

Outlines
 Introduction
 Systems used in Cotton Manufacture
 Regular Cotton System
 Recap & Question

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
Spinning ??? - Is a process by which fibers or filaments are converted into yarn

Ring Spinning ??? – the basic spinning process used for natural fibers

Rotor Spinning ??? -Is a technology for creating yarn without using a spindle. the fibers are fed into a rotor
Open-ended Spinning ??? and blown with air into a system that turns them into yarn without using a spindle.
Break Spinning ??? Yarns created by rotor spinning tend to be bulkier and heavier than those made by ring
spinning.

 Cotton fibers are converted into carded yarn, combed yarn and rotor yarn
 Spinning methods different for producing this three types of cotton yarn

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Types of spinning process
For staple yarn For spinning filament yarn Integrated multi-component
yarns
• Ring spinning • Wet spinning • Integrated composite
• Rotor spinning • Dry spinning spinning
• Friction spinning • Melt spinning • Cover spun
• Self twist spinning • Bi-component spinning • Selfil yarn spinning
• Electro-static spinning • Film splitting reaction • Acro dynamic spinning
• Vortex spinning spinning
• Air jet spinning
• Twist less spinning

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Rotor Spinning
Ring Spinning

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Introduction
Includes the planning of the drafts, doublings, wastes and sizes to use for the production of
certain counts of cotton yarns

Includes the determination of the amount of machinery required to carry out the production of
the sizes planned in the proper ratio, so that the production of one operation is sufficient to supply
the requirements of the next operation.

Involves the selection of the proper speeds, twists and machine details to be consistent with the
quality of the yarn to be spun.

Systems used in Cotton Manufacture

 Regular cotton system
 Coiler or double carding waste system
 Condenser or woolen principle waste system
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Regular Cotton System Coiler or Double Carding Waste Condenser or Woolen
System Principle Waste System
Is commonly used. Is used for short staples and wastes. Is very similar to the regular woolen
Represents the great bulk of Produces a yarn having the general yarn system.
cotton manufacture characteristics of the regular cotton A yarn in which there is no regular
system but lacking in uniformity and fiber arrangement and from which the
strength. fibers project in every direction.
Utilizes the following operations: Includes the following operations: Involves the following operations:
Opening, 1 to 5 operations Opening, 1 to 5 operations Opening, 1 to 5 operations
(V. Opener, H. Opener,….)
Picking, 1 or 2 operations Picking, 1, 2, or 3 operations
Picking, 1, 2, or 3 operations
Breaker Carding
Carding Double carding in tandem
Doubling (Roller cards)
Combing
Finisher Carding Spinning
Drawing, 1 or 2 operations
Roving, 1 or 2 operations
Roving, 1, 2, 3 or 4 operations
Spinning
Spinning

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
Regular Cotton System (1. Range of Drafts and Sizes)
Drafts Sizes
Operation
Range Common Range Common
Breaker Picker 1.5 - 2.5 2 14 - 18 16
Finisher Picker 3-5 4 12 - 16 13
Single Process Picker 2-4 4 12 - 17 13
Card 80 - 120 100 40 - 80 55
Sliver Lapper 1.5 - 2.5 2 400 - 800 500
Ribbon Lapper 4-6 6 400 - 800 500
Comb 40 - 80 60 50 - 65 60
Drawing, 4 roll (5 roll) 5 – 7 (16 – 18) 6 (16) 40 - 70 55
Slubber, Regular 3-5 4 0.40 - 0.70 0.50
Long draft 6 -10 7 1.00 - 1.50 1.10
Intermediate, Regular 4-6 5 1.00 - 2.00 1.30
Long draft 12 - 40 24 Up to 6.00 4.00
Fine, Regular 5-7 6 2.50 - 6.50 4.00
Jack, Regular 6-9 7 8.00 - 15.00 10.00
Spinning, Regular, Single Rov. 7-9 8
Double Rov. 9 - 12 10
10.00 - 120 20.00
Long draft 14 - 20 16

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 2. Roving Operation
 Commonly used for various counts of yarn
 The number of roving operation will vary depending upon the quality of the yarn being made
Roving operations Yarn size Uses
One operation Up to 10’s filling of napped goods, candle and lamp
wicking, coarse denims, ducks wide, belting and
hose

Two operations Up to 20’s ducks-canvas, drill, baggings, coarse sheetings

Three operations 15’s to 40’s medium sheetings, print cloths, cheese cloths,
For better yarn 15’s to 30’s drills and twills knitting yarn, underwear fabrics
Four operations 40’s to 150’s voiles, lawns, organdies, piques, shirting, fine
Lower range may drop as low sateens, velveteens and airplane, and balloon
as 30’s for some high grade cloth knitting yarns
work
Five operations Finest of yarns 150’s and up rarely used

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Long Draft on Roving Frames
Operation Draft Size Spinning Yarn
L.D Slubber 6 ∼ 10 1.0 ∼ 1.5 hk. 16s ∼ 22s

L.D Intermediate 10 ∼ 16 1.5 ∼ 2.5 hk. 10s ∼ 24s

Common L.D 16 ∼ 40 2.5 ∼ 6.0 hk. 20s ∼ 50s

3. Use of Combing
 Yarns finer than 40s are usually of combed cotton, which means that sliver lappers, ribbon
lappers and combs follow the carding.

4. Cotton Staple Used

 In connection with the counts spun yarn, the staple of cotton necessary to produce a
commercially satisfactory yarn is important.
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Counts Spun from Various Staples of Cotton

Carded Combed
Staple
Warp Filling Warp Filling
Up to 1 " Up to 28 Up to 36 ---- ---
Up to 1 1/8 --- --- Up to 30 Up to 40
1 1/8 – ¼ 30 - 50 40 - 60 30 -60 40 -70

1 ¼ - 1 3/8 50 - 75 60 - 80 60 – 70 70 – 100

1 3/8 – 1 ½ 70 – 80 100 – 120

1 ½ - 1 5/8 75 - 100 80 - 120 80 – 100 120 – 150

1 5/8 – 1 ¾ 100 – 180 150 – 180

1 ¾ --- up 150 - 300 150 - 300

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 5. The Effect of Twist Contraction in Organization
The shortening of a stand due to twisting causes it to increase in weight and so the number of
the yarn is lower.
The lower twist used in roving may cause some slight contraction but it would be very difficult
to measure it and it is generally neglected.
Contraction in spinning, where there is considerable twist, is sufficient to cause appreciable
error if neglected.
The percent contraction is calculated from the basis of the untwisted length at the front roll,
which is the length obtained by use of the ply measuring yarns.

Percent Contraction = Length at Front Roll - Length of Yarn Spun

Length at Front Roll

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
 Deal with count
Counts on the bobbin
Counts at the front roll =
( 1 - % contraction )

Note
 The losses through picking are all based on the original
weigh of cotton in the bale while all others are based on the
weight fed to that particular operation
 The percent of waste for each operation is based the weight
fed that operation

The weight delivered = The weight fed * ( 1 - % waste )

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint
Example (1)

What is the percent contraction when the average length of the measuring yams is 872 yards and
the average length of the yarns spun is 821 ?
872 - 821
Percent Contraction = = 5.85 %
872

Example (2)

If a 20s yarn is on the bobbin and the contraction is 10%, what is the count at the front roll?
Count on the bobbin 20
Count at the Front Roll = 1 - % contraction = 1 - 0.10 = 22.22s

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING, YANGON TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Prepared by: Thinzar Phyo Wyint