Hy

pe
rb
ol a
A hyperbola is the set of points in a plane, the
absolute value of the difference of whose
distances from two fixed points, called foci, is a
constant.

F2 F1
d2 – d1 is always the same.

P
d2
d1

F2 F1
 V V

F F
 V V

F C F
F

V
F
The center is at the point (0, 0)
2 2
c =a +b 
x y
2 2 2
2 c is the
 1
2 distance from the
a b
center to a focus point.

The foci are at (c, 0) and (-c, 0)

The conjugate points are at (0, b)
2 2
x
and (0, -b) y
2
 2
1
a are at
The vertices b (a, 0) and (-a, 0)
Length of the latus rectum is 2b2
a
 2 2
x y
2
 2
 1
a b
Ends of the latus rectum:
 b 
2  b 2

L1  c,  L2   c, 
 a   a 
 b 
2
 b 2

L3   c,  L4  c, 
 a  a 
Horizontal
Hyperbola

Equation of the directrix

2 2
x y
bx 2  2  1
y a b
a
The center is at the point (0, 0)
2 2
y2 x
c =a +b
2 2
  1
2 c is the2distance from the
a b
center to a focus point.

The foci are at (0, c) and (0, -c)

 2 2
y x
2
 2
 1
a b
The conjugate points are at (b, 0)
and (-b, 0)
The vertices are at (0, a) and (0, -a)
Length of the latus rectum is 2b2
a
 2 2
y x
2
 2
 1
a b
Ends of the latus rectum:

b 2
  b  2

L1  , c  L2   , c 
 a   a 
 b 2
  b 2

L3   ,c  L4  ,c 
 a   a 
 2 2
y x
2
 2
 1
a b
Vertical
Hyperbola

Equation of the directrix

ax
y
b
Example 1.
2 2
x 2
y 2
x y
2
 2
 1   1
a b 9 16
a2 = 9; a = 3
b2 = 16; b = 4
c2 = 25; c = 5
Example 1.
a2 = 9; a = 3 Center at (0, 0)
b2 = 16; b = 4 V1(a, 0), V2(-a, 0)
c2 = 25; c = 5 F1(c, 0), F2(-c, 0)

V1(3, 0), V2 (-3, 0)

F1(5, 0), F2 (-5, 0)
Center at (0, 0)
Example 1.
a2 = 9; a = 3
b2 = 16; b = 4
c2 = 25; c = 5
Conjugate Points
(0, b), (0, -b)
Conjugate points LR = 2b2
(0, 4), (0, -4) a

LR = 2b2 = 2(4)2 =32

a 3 3
 c2 = 25; c = 5
Example 1.
LR = 2b2 = 32
Endpoints of LR a 3
 b2   b2 
L1  c,  L2   c, 
 a  a
 16   16 
L1  5,  L2   5,   b 2  L  c, b 
L3   c,  4 
2


 3   3  a   a 

 16   16 
L3   5,  L4  5, 
 3  3
 a2 = 9; a = 3
Example 1.
b2 = 16; b = 4
2 2
x y c2 = 25; c = 5
 1 Asymptotes
9 16
Asymptotes

4x  3y  0
4x  3y  0
Example 1.

Center at (0, 0)
V1(3, 0), V2 (-3, 0)
F1(5, 0), F2 (-5, 0)
2 2Endpoints of LR
x y L  5, 16   16 
Conjugate points   1 
1
 3 
L2   5, 
 3

(0, 4), (0, -4)

9 16  16 
 16  L4  5, 
L3   5, 
Asymptotes  3  3

4x  3y  0 Symmetric at x-axis
4x  3y  0 y0
Example 1.
2 2
x y
 1
9 16

4x + 3y = 0

4x – 3y = 0
Example 2. 2 2
y x
2
 2 1
a b
2 2
y x
a2 = 9; a = 3  1
b2 = 16; b = 4 9 16
c2 = 25; c = 5
Example 2.
a2 = 9; a = 3 Center at (0, 0)
b2 = 16; b = 4 V1(0, a), V2(0, -a)
c2 = 25; c = 5 F1(0, c), F2(0, -c)

V1(0, 3), V2 (0, -3)

F1(0, 5), F2 (0, -5)
Center at (0, 0)
Example 2.
a2 = 9; a = 3
b2 = 16; b = 4
c2 = 25; c = 5
Conjugate Points
(b, 0), (-b, 0)
Conjugate points LR = 2b2
(4, 0), (-4, 0) a

LR = 2b2 = 2(4)2 =32

a 3 3
 c2 = 25; c = 5
Example 2.
LR = 2b2 = 32
Endpoints of LR a 3
 b2   b2 
L1  , c  L2   , c 
a   a 
 16   16   b   b 
L1  ,5  L2   ,5  L   ,c  L  a ,c 
2 2

 3   3 
3 4
 a   

 16   16 
L3   ,5  L4  ,5 
 3  3 
 a2 = 9; a = 3
Example 2.
b2 = 16; b = 4
2 2
y x c2 = 25; c = 5
 1 Asymptotes
9 16
Asymptotes

3x  4 y  0
3x  4 y  0
Example 2.

Center at (0, 0)
V1(0, 3), V2 (0, -3)
F1(0, 5), F2 (0,y-5)
2 2Endpoints of LR
x
Conjugate points  1  16   16 
L1  ,5  L2   ,5 
 3   3 
(4, 0), (-4, 0)
9 16  16 
 16  L4  ,5 
L3   ,5 
Asymptotes  3  3 

3x  4 y  0 Symmetric at y-axis
3x  4 y  0 x0
Example 2.
2 2
y x
 1
9 16

3x + 4y = 0

3x – 4y = 0
 C (h, k)

( y  k)
2
( x  h)
2

2
 2
 1
a b
( x  h)
2
( y  k)
2

2
 2
 1
a b
 b
y  k   ( x  h) V1(h+a, k)
a

V2(h-a, k)
F2(h-c, k) F1(h+c, k)

b
y  k  ( x  h)
a Center (h, k)
Example 1.

( x  2) ( y  1)
2 2
 1
9 25

( x  2) ( y  1)
2 2
 1
9 25
 Graph: (x + 2)2 – (y – 1)2 = 1
9 25

Horizontal hyperbola
Center: (-2, 1)

Vertices: (-5, 1) and (1, 1)

c2 = 9 + 25 = 34
c = 34 = 5.83

Foci: (-7.83, 1) and (3.83, 1)

5
Asymptotes: y = (x + 2) + 1
3
-5
y = (x + 2) + 1
3
Example 2.

( y  2)
2
( x  1) 2
 1
9 16
( y  2) ( x  1)
2 2
 1
9 16
 Properties of this Hyperbola
Center ((1,2)
a  9; a  3
2

b  16; b  4
2

c  a b
2 2 2

c 3 4
2 2
 9  16
c 25  5
 The hyperbola is vertical
Transverse
Axis: parallel to
y-axis
Vertices: (1,5), (1, -1)

Foci: (1,7), (1, -3)

 Properties of this Hyperbola
3
Asymptotes: y  2   x  1
4
4 y  8  3( x  1)
4 y  8  3x  3
3x  4 y  5  0
4 y  8  3 x  3
3 x  4 y  11  0
 Latera Recta
16 13
L (1  ,2  5); (  ,7)
3 3
16 19
R (1  ,2  5); ( ,7 )
3 3
16 13
L ' (1  ,2  5); (  ,3)
3 3
16 19
R ' (1  ,2  5); ( ,3)
3 3
 Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

1. Group the x terms together and y

terms together.
2. Complete the square.
3. Express in binomial form.
4. Divide by the constant term,
where the first term has a positive
sign.
Example 1.

9x2 – 4y2 – 18x – 16y + 29 = 0

Graph: 9y2 – 4x2 – 18y + 24x – 63 = 0
9(y2 – 2y + ___)
1 – 4(x2 – 6x + ___)
9 = 63 + ___
9 – ___
36

9(y – 1)2 – 4(x – 3)2 = 36

(y – 1)2 – (x – 3)2 = 1
4 9

The hyperbola is vertical

Center: (3, 1)
c2 = 9 + 4 = 13
c = 13 = 3.61

Foci: (3, 4.61) and (3, -2.61)

2
Asymptotes: y = (x – 3) + 1
3
-2
y = (x – 3) + 1
3
Find the standard form of the
equation of a hyperbola given:
Foci: (-7, 0) and (7, 0)
Vertices: (-5, 0) and (5, 0) 8

Horizontal hyperbola
Center: (0, 0)

a2 = 25 and c2 = 49 F V C V F 10

c2 = a2 + b2
49 = 25 + b2
b2 = 24
(x – h)2 – (y – k)2 = 1
a2 b2
x2 y2
– = 1
25 24
Find the standard form equation of the
hyperbola that is graphed at the right

Vertical hyperbola

(y – k)2 – (x – h)2 = 1
b2 a2

Center: (-1, -2)

a = 3 and b = 5

(y + 2)2 – (x + 1)2 = 1
25 9