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Lesson 1 Cell Theory and Cell Structures and Functions

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Lesson 1 Cell Theory and Cell Structures and Functions

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pulbopul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SCIENCE

- came from the latin term “scire” meaning knowledge


- organized body of factual information
- The motivating factors that led to earliest scientific
discoveries were: curiosity and material gain

PURE/ BASIC SCIENCE & APPLIED SCIENCE


IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY
 The importance of biology in our daily lives lies in the
fact that biology attempts to find out the unifying
themes that exists among great diversity of organisms.
The study of biology helps us understand many
important processes of life itself,
Knowledge in biology helps us understand other
organisms and our place in the environment as a whole.
IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY

Medical advancement improved our understanding of diseases,


their causative agents, and the actions of drugs to cure diseases
increase greater chances of human survival.
Helps the agriculture specifically in efficient crops and livestock
productions.
Provides a big help in solving criminal investigations.
Helps us to understand how the actions of humans affect the
ecosystem both in larger and smaller scale.
LEVELS OF
BIOLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION
GAME TIME!!
PART I. GUESS THE NAMES
OF THE FF. CELLS
PART I. CELL LABELING
Cell
- the basic unit of structures and
functions of life.
- There are unicellular ( can perform
all activities required for life) and
multicellular organisms( needs
division of labor among
specialized cells)
- has dynamic system composed of
several parts.
Each organelle perform specific
individual functions
Animal Cell vs Plant Cell
How the cell was discovered
In 1595, he invented the first compound
Zacharias Janssen
microscope.

In 1665, he built another microscope and


examined a thin slice of a cork. He observed that
Robert Hooke
the cork has tiny compartments and named those
as cells/ cellula.

In 1667, this scientist created a microscope with a


Anton van Leeuwenhoek much higher magnification. He was able to
observed moving animals which he called
animalcules.
In 1838, a botanist discovered that plants
Matthias Schleiden
are made up of cells.

In 1839, a Physiology professor discovered


Theodor Schwann
that animals are also composed of cells.

Rudolf Virchow In 1858, he stated that cells comes from


pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
3 Postulates:

1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.


2. The basic unit of life is the cell.
3. Cell arise from pre-existing cells.
“omnis cellula e cellula”
Modern Cell Theory
6 Postulates:
1. All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2. The basic unit of life is the cell.
3. Cell arise from pre-existing cells.
“Omnis cellula e cellula”

4. Hereditary information is passed from cell.


5. All cells have the basic chemical composition.
6. Energy flow occurs within cells.
Parts of the CELL and their FUNCTIONS

ORGANELLES – “little organs”

Each perform specific


functions important for the
proper functioning of the cell.
Cell membrane STRUCTURE:

A thin bilayer of proteins, fats and


carbohydrates.

FUNCTIONS:

It separates the interior of the cell


from the outside environment.
Controls the passage of
substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall
STRUCTURE:

thicker than the cell membrane and


basically made up of cellulose.

FUNCTION:

provides rigidity to and structural


support to the cells
NUCLEUS
STRUCTURE:
A membrane-bound spherical organelle discovered
by Robert Brown.
The largest organelle found in animal cell

FUNCTIONS:
- Store the DNA
- Command center of the cell.
controls cell activities

NUCLEOLUS
components of ribosomes are
synthesized.
Endoplasmic Reticulum

STRUCTURE:
flattened network of membranous
canals that are continuous with the
nuclear membrane.

FUNCTION:
passageway of substances between
the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum

ROUGH ER
STRUCTURE:
With ribosomes attached
on its surface

FUNCTION:
protein modification
Endoplasmic Reticulum
SMOOTH ER

STRUCTURE:
has no ribosomes attached

FUNCTION:
synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates,
and steroid
detoxification of drugs and toxins
Ribosomes

STRUCTURE:
A complex of protein and RNA

FUNCTION:
site for protein synthesis
Golgi Body

STRUCTURE:
a sac like membrane that resembles
a stack of plates arranged on top of another

FUNCTION:
sort, package, and deliver
proteins and lipids
Mitochondria
STRUCTURE:
double membraned, sausage shaped
organelle
FUNCTION:
it produces chemical energy called ATP.
This energy form is the one used by the cell to
do its cell activities.
Chloroplasts
STRUCTURE:
a double membrane organelle only
found in cells of photosynthetic organisms.
contains green pigment, chlorophyll

FUNCTION:
site for photosynthesis
Lysosome
STRUCTURE:
membrane-sac organelle encloses a
strong enzyme
FUNCTIONS
break down large macromolecules
digest bacteria and other foreign substances
Aid in apoptosis “cell death”
Vacuole
STRUCTURE:
a fluid-filled cavities surrounded by
a membrane

FUNCTIONS
-maintains water balance
-maintain cell shape
-store nutrients and waste material
Cytoskeleton
STRUCTURE:
a network of filaments
3 types: microfilament, intermediate filament,
microtubules
FUNCTION:
-give support and maintain the structure and
shape of the cell
FUNCTION ORGANELLE
Powerhouse of the cell MITOCHONDRIA

Command center of the cell nucleus

Suicide bag lysosome


Protein factories ribosomes
Provides structural framework to the cell cytoskeleton
Site of photosynthesis chloroplasts

Sort, package and deliver proteins Golgi body


Highway of substances between nucleus and cytoplasm
er
Semi-permeable membrane that controls the passage of substances
in and out of the cell Cell membrane

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