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22 views21 pages

Anatmoy Presentation

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Rano Mal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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COURSE OF FACIAL

NERVE
&
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
CLINICAL ANATOMY
|HAMNA | SUBHA | SHAZIA | SHUMAILA | UMAR |
• INTRODUCTION
• COURSE OF FACIAL NERVE
TOPICS • BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE
• COURSE OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE
• BRANCHES OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE
• CLINICAL ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION
• FACIAL NERVE IS THE SEVENTH (VII) CRANIAL NERVE.
• NERVE SUPPLY MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION.
• IT IS A MIXED NERVE WITH A LARGE MOTOR AND A SMALL SENSORY ROOT.+
• TRIGEMINAL NERVE IS THE FIFTH (V) CRANIAL NERVE.
• IT IS THE LARGEST CRANIAL NERVE.
• ITS PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO SUPPLY SENSORY INNERVATION TO THE FACE.
COURSE OF FACIAL NERVE
• THE FACIAL NERVE HAS A MOTOR AND A SENSORY
ROOT (NERVUS INTERMEDIUS).THE NERVE EMERGES
ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF HINDBRAIN BETWEEN
THE PONS AND THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

• THE ROOTS PASS LATERALLY IN THE POSTERIOR


CRANIAL FOSSA WITH THE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
NERVE AND ENTER THE INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
IN THE PETROUS PART OF TEMPORAL BONE.AT THE
BOTTOM OF THE MEATUS,THE NERVE ENTERS THE
FACIAL CANAL THAT RUNS LATERALLY THROUGH THE
INNER EAR.
• ON REACHING THE MEDIAL WALL OF THE MIDDLE EAR
(TYMPANIC CAVITY),THE NERVE SWELLS TO FORM THE
SENSORY GENICULATE GANGLION.THE NERVE THEN
BENDS SHARPLY BACKWARD,AT THE POSTERIOR WALL OF
THE MIDDLE EAR,BENDS DOWNWARD.THE NERVE
DECENDS BEHIND THE PYRAMID AND IT EMERGES FROM
THE TEMPORAL BONE THROUGH THE STYLOMASTOID
FORAMEN.THE FACIAL NERVE NOW PASSES FORWARD
THROUGH THE PAROTID GLAND TO ITS DISTRIBUTION.
IMPORTANT BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE
Branches of Facial Nerve
 Temporal BRANCH
It emerge from the upper border of gland and supplies the anterior and superior
auricular muscles.

 Zygomatic Branch
It emerge from the anterior border of the gland and supplies the orbicularis oculi.

 Buccal Branch
It emerge from the anterior border of gland below the parotid duct and supplies
the buccinator muscle and muscles of upper lip and nostril.

 Mandibular branch
It emerge from the anterior border of gland and supplies the muscles of lower lip.

 Cervical Branch
It emerge from the lower border of gland and passes forward in the neck to supply
below the mandible to supply the platysma muscle
COURSE OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE

• THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE EXITS FROM THE ANTEROLATERAL


SURFACE OF THE PONS AS A LARGE SENSORY ROOT AND A
SMALL MOTOR ROOT .THESE ROOTS CONTINUE FORWARD
OUT OF THE POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA AND INTO THE
MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA BY PASSING OVER THE MEDIAL TIP
OF THE PETROUS PART OF TEMPORAL BONE.

• IN THE MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA THE SENSORY ROOT


EXPANDS INTO THE TRIGEMINAL GANGLION.THE
GANGLION IS A DEPRESSION (THE TRIGEMINAL
DEPRESSION) ON THE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF PETROUS
PART OF TEMPORAL BONE IN A DURAL CAVE.THE MOTOR
ROOT IS BELOW AND COMPLETELY SEPARATE FROM THE
SENSORY ROOT AT THIS POINT.
• ARISING FROM THE ANTERIOR BORDER OF THE
TRIGEMINAL GANGLION ARE THE THREE TERMINAL
DIVISIONS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE,WHICH IN
DESCENDING ORDER ARE:

• OPHTHALMIC (V1),MAXILLARY (V2),AND MANDIBULAR (V3).

• FIBERS RUN FROM THE FACE TO THE PONS VIA THE


SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE (V1),THE FORAMEN
ROTUNDUM (V2),AND THE FORAMEN OVALE (V3).

• CONVEYS SENSORY IMPULSES FROM VARIOUS AREAS OF


THE FACE (V1)AND (V2),AND SUPPLIES MOTOR FIBERS (V3)
FOR MASTICATION.
THE TRIGEMINAL GANGLION
ALSO KNOWN AS “GASSERIAN GANGLION”OR
“SEMILUNAR GANGLION”OF THE TRIGEMINAL
NERVE THAT OCCUPIES A CAVITY (MECKEL’S
CAVE) IN THE DURA MATER,COVERING THE
TRIGEMINAL IMPRESSION NEAR THE APEX OF THE
PETROUS PART OF THE TEMPORAL BONE.
BRANCHES OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE
THE SKIN OF FACE IS SUPPLIED BY BRANCHES OF THE THREE
DIVISIONS OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE,EXCEPT FOR THE SMALL
AREA OVER THE ANGLE OF MANDIBLE AND THE PAROTID GLAND.

OPHTHALMIC NERVE
THE OPHTHALMIC NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF FOREHEAD.THE
UPPER EYELID , THE CONJUNCTIVA, AND THE SIDE OF THE NOSE
DOWN TO AND INCLUDING THE TIP FIVE BRANCHES OF THE NERVE
PASS TO THE SKIN.

1.LACRIMAL NERVE

THE NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND CONJUNCTIVA OF LATERAL


PART OF EYELID.
2.SUPRAORBITAL NERVE
THE NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND CONJUNCTIVA ON CENTRAL PART OF EYELID . IT ALSO
SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF FOREHEAD.

3.SUPRATROCHLEAR NERVE
THE NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND CONJUNCTIVA ON MEDIAL PART OF UPPER EYELID AND
SKIN OVER THE LOWER PART OF FOREHEAD.

4.INFRATROCHLEAR NERVE
THE NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN AND CONJUNCTIVA ON MEDIAL PART OF UPPER EYELID.

5.EXTERNAL NASAL NERVE


IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN ON THE SIDE OF THE NOSE DOWN AS FAR AS THE TIP.
MAXILLARY NERVE
THE MAXILLARY NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN ON THE
POSTERIOR PART OF SIDE OF THE NOSE ,THE LOWER EYELID ,
THE CHEEK , THE UPPER LIP , AND THE LATERAL SIDE OF THE
ORBITAL OPENING.

• INFRAORBITAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE LOWER EYELID AND CHEEK , THE SIDE OF


THE NOSE , AND THE UPPER LIP.

• ZYGOMATICOFACIAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN OVER THE PROMINENCE OF CHEEK.

.ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN OVER THE TEMPLE.


MANDIBULAR NERVE
THE MANDIBULAR NERVE SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF THE LOWER
LIP , THE LOWER PART OF THE FACE , THE TEMPORAL REGION ,
AND PART OF THE AURICLE . THREE BRANCHES OF NERVE
PASS TO SKIN.

• MENTAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF LOWER LIP AND CHIN.

• BUCCAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN OVER A SMALL AREA OF THE CHEEK.

• AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE

IT SUPPLIES THE SKIN OF AURICLE ,THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY


MEATUS , AND THE SKIN OF SCALP.
CLINICAL ANATOMY OF
FACIAL NERVE
&
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
BELL’S PALSY
Bell's palsy is a condition that affects the nerve
that controls the muscles of the face, causing
weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles.

Causes:
 Sudden swelling or inflammation of the facial nerve-
 Viral infections such as herpes simplex or herpes
zoster
 Bacterial infections such as Lyme disease
 Trauma to the head or face
 Tumors or cysts in the ear or brain
SYMPTOMS

Inability to Tearness or
Loss of the
close the eye dryness of Sensitivity
sense of
on the the affected to sound
taste
affected side eye

Pain in or
Drooping of
behind the
the affected Drooling
ear on the
side
affected side
Physical Therapy Treatment:-

Facial exercises to improve muscle strength and coordination-

- Massage to reduce muscle tension and improve blood flow-

Electrical stimulation to enhance muscle contraction-

Heat or cold therapy to reduce pain and inflammation-

Range of motion exercises to maintain flexibility-

Relaxation techniques to reduce stress and promote healing


TRIGEMINAL NERVE
THE 5TH CRANIAL NERVE, ALSO KNOWN AS THE TRIGEMINAL
NERVE, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONTROLLING FACIAL
SENSATIONS, INCLUDING PAIN, TOUCH, AND TEMPERATURE.
DAMAGE TO THIS NERVE DUE TO LEAD TOXICITY CAN LEAD TO
VARIOUS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, INCLUDING:

1. TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA (TN)


A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY SUDDEN, SEVERE, AND
RECURRING PAIN IN THE FACE, TYPICALLY ON ONE SIDE.
2. Facial numbness or tingling (hypoesthesia or paresthesia)
A decrease or alteration in sensation on the face, including the cheek, nose, and mouth.

3. Weakness or paralysis of the muscles of mastication


(chewing)
Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or speaking due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles
used for chewing.

4. Corneal anesthesia
Numbness or lack of sensation on the cornea, leading to increased risk of corneal ulcers.

5. Loss of the corneal reflex


A decreased or absent reflex response when the cornea is stimulated.Lead toxicity can
cause damage to the trigeminal nerve, particularly in cases of chronic exposure or high
levels of lead in the body.
TH A N K Y O U REFERENCES
ATOMY 9
TH
SNELL’ S CL INIC AL AN
EDITION

TEACHME ANATOMY
PHYSIOPEDIA

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