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Week 5 - Qualitative

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Ma. Nathalie Claire G. Gadia
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6 views

Week 5 - Qualitative

Uploaded by

Ma. Nathalie Claire G. Gadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUALITATIVE

ANALYSIS

Jazheerine Portugal, RCh


Instructor
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
DEALS WITH THE IDENTIFICATION OF ELEMENTS, IONS OR
COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN A SAMPLE
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Qualitative tests may be performed by selective


chemical reactions or with the use of instrumentation.
SELECTIVE VERSUS SPECIFIC
SELECTIVITY

Selectivity can be achieved or enhanced by:


QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

SOLUTION CONTAINING:

I : Ag , Pb , Hg2
+ 2+ 2+

II: Cu , Bi , Pb , Hg , As , Sb , Sn , Sn
+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 4+

III: Al , Fe , Fe , Co , Ni , Cr , Zn , Mn
3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+

IV: Ba , Ca , Mg
2+ 2+ 2+

V: Na , K , NH4
+ + +
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Group I: Insoluble Chlorides


Group II: Acid-Insoluble
Sulfides
Group III: Base-Insoluble
Sulfides
Group IV: Insoluble
Carbonates
Group V: Alkali Metals and
Ammonium Ion
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

GROUP I CATIONS
GROUP I CATIONS

Supernatant
Contains Group II, III, IV, and V cations
+ 6M HCl
Unknown centrifuge

White precipitate
AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl2
GROUP I CATIONS

Supernatant
Redissolved PbCl2
+K2CrO4 : formation of yellow
White + hot water
precipitate
precipitate Filter,
centrifuge

White precipitate
AgCl, Hg2Cl2
GROUP I CATIONS

[Ag(NH3)2] +

+HNO3 : formation of white precipitate


(AgCl)
White + 6M NH3
precipitate Filter,
(AgCl, Hg2Cl2) centrifuge

Hg
Disproportionation of Hg (Black)
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

GROUP II CATIONS
GROUP II CATIONS

Supernatant
Group III, IV, V

+ pH 0.5
Supernatant Thioacetamide, ∆
(Group II, III, IV, V)
centrifuge

Precipitate
HgS, PbS, CuS, Bi2S3, CdS
GROUP II CATIONS

Supernatant
Pb2+, Cu2+, Bi3+, Cd2+

+ dilute HNO3
Precipitate
HgS, PbS, CuS, centrifuge
Bi2S3, CdS

Black Precipitate
HgS
GROUP II CATIONS

Supernatant
Cu2+, Bi3+, Cd2+

+ dilute HCl
Supernatant
Pb2+, Cu2+, centrifuge
Bi3+, Cd2+

White Precipitate
PbCl2
+K2CrO4 : yellow precipitate
GROUP II CATIONS

Solution
Deep blue: [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Colorless: [Cd(NH3)4]2+
+ 6M NH3
Supernatant
Cu2+, centrifuge
Bi3+, Cd2+

White Precipitate
Bi(OH)3
+Sn : Black precipitate Bi(s)
2+
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

GROUP III CATIONS


GROUP III CATIONS

Supernatant
Group IV, V

+ conc. NH3
Supernatant Thioacetamide, ∆
(Group III, IV, V)
centrifuge

Precipitate
Al(OH)3, Cr(OH)2, Fe(OH)2,
CoS, NiS, MnS, ZnS
GROUP III CATIONS

Supernatant
Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+

+ HCl
Precipitate
centrifuge

Precipitate
CoS, Co2S3, NiS
+HCl, HNO3, NH3
GROUP III CATIONS

Supernatant
+ HNO3, evaporate Al(OH)4, Zn(OH)4, CrO4-
+ 4 M NaOH
+ H 2O 2, ∆
Supernatant
Al , Cr , Fe ,
3+ 3+ 3+ centrifuge
Mn2+, Zn2+

Precipitate
Fe(OH)2, Mn(OH)2
+ HNO3, NaNO3
GROUP III CATIONS

Decantate
Zn2+, CrO4-
+HOAc
+NH3
Supernatant
Al(OH)4,
Zn(OH)4, CrO4 -
White Gelatinous
Precipitate
Al(OH)3
+HOAc, Aluminon, (NH4)2CO3
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS

GROUP IV and V CATIONS


GROUP IV CATIONS

Solution
Dry, ignite, HCl Group V
+ 6M NH3
+2 drops (NH4)2CO3
Supernatant
(Group IV, V)

Grp IV Precipitate
CaCO3, BaCO3, SrCO3
GROUP IV CATIONS

Solution
+HOAc, NH4OAc Sr2+, Ca2+
+K2CrO4
Group IV

White Precipitate
BaCrO4
GROUP IV CATIONS

Solution
+6 M NH3 Ca2+ + ∆, (NH4)2C2O4
+EtOH +12 M HCl
Solution Flame test : Orange red
Sr2+, Ca2+

Precipitate
SrCrO4
+12 M HCl
GROUP V CATIONS

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