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3 - Week2 - ODL 1 - Chapter 1 - Classification of Systems

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14 views18 pages

3 - Week2 - ODL 1 - Chapter 1 - Classification of Systems

Uploaded by

Muhammad Mustaqim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Slide 3

CHAPTER 1 : Introduction to Signals & Systems

Sub topic
Classification of systems
Learning Outcomes

The students should be able to:

• Classify the system.


Classification of systems
1.

2.
Classification of systems extra
Classification of systems
Example 1:
memory/ wo memory & causal non causal
a) y(t) = 3x(t)
let , t =1 : y(1) = 3x(1) -> w/o memory, why? Present o/p depends on present i/p.
(at t=1) (at t=1)
-> causal, why ? Present o/p depends on present i/p (..and

past i/p

if y(t) = 3x(t + 1) … Do the test. (at t=1) (at t=2)


let , t =1 : y(1) = 3x(2) -> memory, why? Present o/p depends on future i/p. (and
past i/p)

-> Non causal, Present o/p depends on future i/p.


Classification of systems
3.
Classification of systems extra

3. Time variant / Time invariant … the test procedure

output = output

y(t) = t x(t)
input

a. Delay the input, x(t) -> x(t-t0)

b. Replace the output term, y(t-t0) -> (t-t0)x(t-t0) Note: output term changes will affect the
whole term

c. Compare a. and b.

if a. = b. -> time invariant system (TIV)


a. ≠ b. -> time variant system (TV)
Classification of systems
Example 2:
Time variant / Time invariant
a) y(t) = 3x(t + 3)

1 y(t) = 3x(t-t0+ 3) a. Delay the input, x(t) -> x(t-t0)

2 y(t-t0) = 3x(t-t0 + 3 ) b. Replace the output term, y(t-t0) -> (t-t0)x(t-t0)

if a. = b. -> time invariant system (TIV)


3 Compare (1) and (2)
a. ≠ b. -> time variant system (TV)
(1) = (2)
If y2(t) = y1(t-t0) => time invariant …..
4 Time invariant! if y2(t) ≠ y1(t-t0)
Classification of systems
Example 3:
Time variant / Time invariant
a) y(t) = 3tx(t + 3)

1 y(t) = 3tx(t-t0+ 3) a. Delay the input, x(t) -> x(t-t0)

2 y(t-t0) = 3(t-t0)x(t-t0 + 3 ) b. Replace the output term, y(t-t0) -> (t-t0)x(t-t0)

if a. = b. -> time invariant system (TIV)


3 Compare (1) and (2)
a. ≠ b. -> time variant system (TV)
(1) ≠ (2)
If y2(t) = y1(t-t0) => time invariant …..
4 Time variant! if y2(t) ≠ y1(t-t0)
Classification of systems

Exercise 1 ;
Time variant / Time invariant

t0
a) y(t) = 10x2(t + 1)
Classification of systems
4. Linear or Non linear test procedures

output output

y(t) = t x(t)
input

a. Change the input, x(t) -> x1(t) , then y1(t) = tx1(t)


b. Change the input, x(t) -> x2(t) , then y2(t) = tx2(t)
c. Find y3(t) = y1(t) + y2(t), the y3(t) = tx1(t) + tx2(t) = t [x1(t) + x2(t)]
d. Find x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then y(t) = tx(t) = t [x1(t) + x2(t)]

e. Compare c. and d.

if c. = d. -> Linear system


c. ≠ d. -> Non linear system
Classification of systems
Example 4;
Linear/ Non linear
a) y(t) = 3tx(t)

(1) y1(t) = 3tx1(t) a. Change the input, x(t) -> x1(t) , then y1(t) = tx1(t)
(2) y2(t) = 3tx2(t) b. Change the input, x(t) -> x2(t) , then y2(t) = tx2(t)

(3) y3(t) = y1(t) + y2(t)


c. Find y3(t) = y1(t) + y2(t), the y3(t) = tx1(t) + tx2(t) = t [x1(t) + x2(t)]
= 3tx1(t) + 3tx2(t)
= 3t[x1(t) + x2(t)]

(4) y(t) = 3t[x1(t) + x2(t)] d. Find x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then y(t) = tx(t) = t [x1(t) + x2(t)]

(5) Compare (3) and (4)

if c. = d. -> Linear system


Linear!
c. ≠ d. -> Non linear system
Classification of systems
Example 5;
Linear/ Non linear

a) y(t) = 3tx(t) + 3

Non Linear!
Classification of systems
Linear/ Non linear

EXERCISE 2 ;
a) y(t) = 10x2(t + 1)
b) y(t) = x(t + 10) + t2x1(t2)
Classification of systems
Linear/ Non linear
EXCERCISE 3;

Prove the system class as stated in the ( ) for the given system equation;

a. y(t) = sin t. x(t) + 4 (static, causal, time variant , non linear)


b. y(t) = e-2t x(t) + tx(t2) ( dynamic, non causal , time variant , linear)
c. y(t) = 2x(t-1) + x2(t) ( dynamic, causal, time invariant, non linear)
Past exam samples

Exam question : Jun 2015


1. Describe briefly using graphical example for the classificationof signals listed below.
i) Periodic signal
ii) Aperiodic signal

2. Given x1(t) = 2 cos (600πt - ), x2(t) = 5 Sin (600t - ) and x(t) = 3 x1(t) + 4 x2(t) , identify whether
These signals ; x1(t) , x2(t) , x(t) are periodic or aperiodic. Calculate the fundamental period if it is
periodic signal and justify your answer.

3. A system, y(t) is given as follow; y(t) = tx(t+2) + 4. Identify whether y(t) is causal or non-causal
and time variant or time invariant and linear or non-linear system.
Past exam samples

Exam question : Jun 2016


1. State the definition of system and signal

2. Figure Q1b shows an irregular human heartbeat that having a bradyarrhythmia. It is occured in
random. If the complete cycle for the heartbeat is from ‘a’ to ‘b’, classify the displayed heartbeat
as continuous or discrete and periodic or non-periodic. Give your reason.

Figure Q1b

3. Determine whether the given system function, y(t) = sin 2 t • x(t) is linear or non-linear
where y(t) is the output and x(t) is the input. Prove your answer.
- End -

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