Science

Grade 8
Good Morning
My dear girls…..
Make sure you have the following
before we start:

01 Textbook 02 Notebook

Pencil, Ruler,
03 Eraser
04 Fully charged
laptop
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You agree to:​
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2. Ask questions using the chat box.​
3. Be prepared to start the lesson by having
your resources ready.​
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8. Do not interrupt when some one is talking.
“Positive thinking will let you do
everything better than negative
thinking will.”
—Someone Famous
Unit 3 – Impacts on the Environment

Module :
Earth and Human
Activity
 Lesson 1
Human Population
Growth
 Learning Objectives
- Learn how human population growth has increased over time

- Investigate the factors that affect the growth of human

populations.

- Relate between human population growth and increased

consumption of recourses.
 Population
 Emigration
 Natural
Vocabulary
resources
 Carrying
capacity
 Increasing
 Technological
 Reproductive
Starter Activity

Write the answer in the chat.

Textbook # 228
 Natural Resources

Why are the numbers of cars on the road

increasing, and what’s the impact?

Write your thoughts in the chat.

Textbook # 229
Natural Resources

Textbook # 229
Natural Resources

Textbook # 229
Natural Resources

Textbook # 229
Natural Resources

Textbook # 229
 Activity
Agree or Disagree
1. The human population has increased dramatically over the
past few centuries due to a variety of factors, such as improved
health care.

Write the answer in the chat

How fast is
the
population
growing?
Growing population
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcSX4ytEfcE
 How fast is population growing?
You are part of a population of humans. The other species in your area, such as birds
or trees, each make up a separate population. A population is all the members of a
species living in a given area. How has human population changed over time?

As the graph below shows, the greatest increase in human population occurred during
the last few centuries. Today there are more than 7 billion humans on Earth. By 2050
there could be more than 9 billion.
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 230
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 230
Activity – Group discussion

What kinds of changes occur in cities as

human populations continue to grow?

What will happen to recourses availability

as the human population continues to
grow?
 How fast is population growing?
Human Population
• When the first American towns were settled, most had small populations.
• Today, some of those towns have become large cities with large populations.
• In a similar way, Earth was once home to relatively few humans.

• Have you ever heard the phrase population explosion?

• Population explosion describes a sudden increase in a population.
• For most of history, the human population increased at a fairly steady rate.
• But in the 1800s, the population began to rise sharply.
 How fast is population growing?
Human Population
What has caused this sharp increase in population?
There are many reasons.
 Health care improved, cleaner water became available, and other improvements
in technology led to people living longer and reproducing.

Beginning in the 1950s, large tracts of rural land in the United States were
developed as suburbs.
• Suburbs are residential areas on the outside edges of a city.
• When suburbs became crowded, people moved farther out into the country.
More open land was cleared for development.
• The development of land for houses and other buildings is called urbanization
 Is human
population
growth
equal
around the
world?
 Is human population growth equal around the world?
• In the next hour or so, 15,000 babies will be
born around the world.

• Technological advances have resulted in a

rapid growth in human population.

• But this growth is unequal in different

places.

• The percent of youth and elderly can vary

greatly from country to country.

• Countries with the greatest percentage of

youth tend to have the highest growth rates.
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 232
Activity

Textbook # 232
 Is human population growth equal around the world?
Population Structure
• Populations tend to increase in size.

• Many factors influence population growth.

• The rate of population growth can be determined by subtracting the number

of individuals leaving a population from the number entering the population.

• Individuals leave a population either by death or by leaving an area to settle

somewhere else.

• They enter the population by birth or by moving to an area to live there.

• Another factor that affects population growth is age structure.

 Is human population growth equal around the world?
Age Structure

A population’s age structure is the number of males and females in each of three
age groups:
pre-reproductive state, reproductive state, and post-reproductive state.

• A nongrowing population looks like a rectangle.

• A slow-growing population looks like a rectangle with a bulge in the middle.

• A rapidly growing population looks like a triangle with its base at the bottom.
 Is human population growth equal around the world?
Age Structure
Look at the diagrams below. Kenya has many prereproductive and reproductive individuals. The United
States has a smaller number of these two groups, and Germany has an even smaller number. The
diagrams below are typical of many countries in the world.
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 233
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 233
 Is human population growth equal around the world?
Age Structure
In general, developing countries have more people in the pre-reproductive and
reproductive stages. Therefore, they have rapid population growth, as shown in the graph
below. In comparison, the population growth of developed countries is slow and steady
 Is human population growth equal around the world?

• Birth rates and death rates change the size of a

population.
• This is true for all living things.

• In the 1700s, the death rate of sea otters in

central California was high because many
people hunted them.

• By the 1930s, only about 50 sea otters

remained.

• Today, sea otters are protected from being

hunted. Scientists regularly observe the otters
to determine their population.
How does human
population
growth affect
natural
resources?
 How does human population growth affect natural
resources?
• Every human being needs certain things to survive, such
as food, clean water, and shelter.
• People also need clothes, transportation, and other
items.
• All the things used by people come from resources on
Earth.
• A natural resource is a part of the environment that
supplies material useful or necessary for the survival of
living things.

How does a growing human population affect natural

resources?
 Activity
Question time:

1. How does taking a shower rely on recourses from the ground?

Write the answer in the chat

 How does human population growth affect natural
resources?
Population Limits
• Earth has limited resources.

• Earth cannot support a population of any

species in a particular environment beyond
Earth’s carrying capacity.

• Carrying capacity is the largest number of

individuals of a given species that Earth’s
resources can support and maintain for a
long period of time.
https://youtu.be/ozW7y-y6Ymw
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 236
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 236
Activity – Investigation

Textbook # 236
 How does human population growth affect natural
resources?
Approaching Carrying Capacity

• Each person uses resources.

• When the population of a species is low, resources are

abundant. The population then increases.

• If resources become scarce, the population can decrease.

• If the human population continues to grow beyond Earth’s

carrying capacity, eventually Earth will not have enough
resources to support humans.
 How does human population growth affect natural
resources?
Growing Population and Resource Use
• The number of resources used by
each person is an important factor
to consider when analyzing human
population growth.
• The graph below shows the
estimated amount of land need to
support a person through his or her
lifetime.
• Notice that individuals in industrially
developed countries use far more
resources than individuals in
developing countries.
 How does human population growth affect natural
resources?
Growing Population and Resource Use
• Countries such as India are becoming more
industrialized, and they have a relatively high
population growth rate.
• These countries are adding more people and are
increasing their use of resources.
• At some point, the land needed to meet the needs
of all people on Earth might exceed the amount of
available land.
• Resources may become harder to find. However,
the development of new technologies and
alternative resources can expand Earth’s carrying
capacity.
• This allows for the population to increase again.
• These increases in human population can harm the
environment.
 Lesson Review

All the The largest

number of A natural
members of
individuals of a source of
a species
given species supply or
living in a
that Earth’s support.
given area
resources can
support and
maintain for
along period of
time.
 Lesson Review

Each The Population

population availability depends on
in an of resources resources,
environment during a such as
has a long period food, water,
carrying of time and
capacity, or determines materials, to
limit to its carrying survive.
maximum capacity
size.
 Lesson Review

The resources available can limit a population’s growth; the carrying capacity of a
population depends on the resources available.
Lesson Review
Thank you..