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Lesson 1 Part 3 STUDENTS

The document discusses the nature of epistemology and how knowledge can be acquired in three ways: induction, deduction, and pragmatism. It also briefly covers logic and aesthetics. Epistemology deals with the nature, sources and validity of knowledge. Knowledge can be acquired through senses in induction, through logic and reason in deduction, and through practical usefulness in pragmatism.

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miggy salty
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26 views

Lesson 1 Part 3 STUDENTS

The document discusses the nature of epistemology and how knowledge can be acquired in three ways: induction, deduction, and pragmatism. It also briefly covers logic and aesthetics. Epistemology deals with the nature, sources and validity of knowledge. Knowledge can be acquired through senses in induction, through logic and reason in deduction, and through practical usefulness in pragmatism.

Uploaded by

miggy salty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

EPISTEMOLOGY

• Deals with nature, sources, limitations, and validity of


knowledge
• Explains 1. How you know what you claim to know 2. How
you can find out what you wish to know 3. How you can
differentiate truth from falsehood.
• Addresses the problems of reliability, extent, kinds of
knowledge.
ACQUISITION OF
KNOWLEDGE IN
THREE WAYS
1. Induction – the source of knowledge is something
that could be seen, heard or touched. Knowledge is
steamed through senses.
Empiricists – philosophers who believed that
knowledge is acquired through induction.
John Locke - for empiricists knowledge is based on
what our sight, hearing, smell and other senses tell us,
is really out there, not what people make up in their
heads.
DOCTRINE OF TABULA RASA (BLANK SLATE)
- what will happen if..?
- we will confine the baby within a room with a non
talking robot for 7 years?
- the robot is responsible for all the needs of the baby.
- Do you think the child can acquire knowledge from the
robot?
- how about child’s ability to speak?
CONCEPT

TRUTH/
SENSES
KNOWLEDGE
2. Deduction – knowledge is based on logic, the laws and
methods that reasons develops. The best example of real
knowledge, the reactionist holds is mathematics, a realm
of knowledge that is obtained entirely by reason that we
use to understand the universe.
Rationalist – the advocates of deduction (like Rene
Descartes)
CONCEPT

IDEA/ TRUTH/
REASON KNOWLEDGE
3. Pragmatism – believes that the value in use is the real
test of truth and meaning. In other words, the meaning and
truth of an idea are tested by its practical consequences.
Pragmatist – has the idea that the usefulness, workability,
and practicality of ideas, policies, and proposals are the
criteria of their merit. It stresses the priority of action over
doctrine, of experience over fixed principles, and it holds
that ideas borrow their meanings from their consequences
and their truths from their verification. Thus, ideas are
essentially instruments and plans of action.
Example of pragmatist is (John Dewey)
CONCEPT

USEFULNESS/ TRUTH/
WORKABILITY KNOWLEDGE
4. LOGIC
• From the Greek word logike and was coined by Zeno, the Stoic
(c.340-265BC)
• It means a treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought.
Logic does not provide knowledge about the world BUT a tool to
the TRUTH or VALIDITY of our arguments.
• Logical reasoning makes certainty that the conclusions are true,
and this provides us with accepted scientific proofs of universally
valid propositions or statements.
5. AESTHETICS
• Is the branch of philosophy concerned with the
nature and appreciation of art, beauty and good
taste. It has also been defined as "critical reflection
on art, culture and nature". The word "aesthetics"
derives from the Greek "aisthetikos", meaning "of
sense perception".
IMPORTANCE OF AESTHETICS

1. It vitalizes our knowledge – it makes our knowledge of the


world alive and useful.
2. It helps us to live more deeply and richly – helps us to rise from
purely physical existence into the realm of intellect and the
spirit. (especially when we evaluate a piece of art)
3. It brings us touch with our culture – as Hans-Georg Gadamer
argues, that our taste and judgements regarding beauty, work
in connection with one’s own personal experience and culture.
NEXT TOPIC

Expanding Our Philosophical


Frames: Western and
Non-Western Tradition

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