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Lecture 11-While-Do-While

The document discusses different types of repetition structures or loops in programming which are used to repeatedly execute a block of code under certain conditions. It explains the while loop, do-while loop and their syntax as well as providing examples.

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sana zainab awan
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27 views

Lecture 11-While-Do-While

The document discusses different types of repetition structures or loops in programming which are used to repeatedly execute a block of code under certain conditions. It explains the while loop, do-while loop and their syntax as well as providing examples.

Uploaded by

sana zainab awan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 11

Introduction to repetition structures. Repetition essentials.


The while loop. Example programs.
Loops in programming
• A loop in programming is like a repeat button that runs the same set of
instructions multiple times until a certain condition is met.
• We use loops to perform repetitive tasks efficiently, like counting
numbers, going through items in a list, or asking for user input until the
correct one is given, saving time and reducing code.
Introduction to repetition structures
• Repetition structures, or loops, in programming are used to execute a block of
code repeatedly under specific conditions.
• There are mainly three types: for loops, which run a set number of times.
• while loops, which run as long as a condition is true.
• do-while loops, similar to while loops but guaranteeing at least one execution of
the block.
• These structures help in automating repetitive tasks, like iterating over arrays,
processing data, or implementing timers, making code more efficient and concise.
Why are Repetition structures necessary?
• Repetition structures are necessary in programming because they allow
for efficient repetition of code blocks without manually writing the same
code multiple times.
• They help automate tasks, process large datasets, and handle tasks that
require repeated actions, such as checking for user input or iterating over
elements in a collection.
• This leads to more concise, readable, and maintainable code, making it
easier to develop, debug, and enhance software applications.
Repetition essentials
• Repetition in programming, essential for automating and managing
repeated tasks, involves three key components:
• Initialization: Setting a starting point for the loop, such as defining a
counter variable.
• Condition: A logical statement that controls the loop's duration,
determining how long the loop continues to execute.
• Increment/Decrement: Modifying the loop variable in each iteration to
progress towards meeting the condition that will end the loop.
While loop
• A while loop is like a repeated question that keeps asking the same thing
until it gets the answer it needs.
• In programming, it keeps running the same block of code over and over as
long as a certain condition is true.
• Once the condition becomes false, the loop stops. For example, it's like
listening to your favorite song on repeat until you decide to stop; the
music keeps playing (looping) as long as you want it to (the condition).
Syntax of while loop
Example program
Do-While loop
• A do-while loop is like a theme park ride that you must go on at least
once, but you can choose to continue riding if you still want to.
• In programming, it runs the code inside the loop once first, without
checking the condition.
• After the first run, it checks a condition, and if that condition is true, it
keeps running the code over and over again until the condition becomes
false.
• So, no matter what, the code inside the loop runs at least once.
Syntax
Do-while syntax explaination
• do: This signals the start of the do-while loop.
• {...}: Inside the curly braces is the block of code that will execute at least
once, regardless of the condition.
• while (condition);: After executing the code block once, the loop checks
the condition inside the parentheses. If the condition is true, the code
block inside the do will run again. This repeats until the condition
becomes false. Note that there's a semicolon (;) at the end of the while
statement, which is necessary to complete the loop's syntax.
Example program
Example Program

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