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Slender Columns

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Regine Olaya
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46 views

Slender Columns

Uploaded by

Regine Olaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SLENDER COLUMNS

NONSWAY AND SWAY FRAMES

 You must realize that you will rarely find a frame that is completely braced against
swaying or one that is completely unbraced against swaying. Therefore, you are going to
have to decide on how to handle it.
 It depends on the structural elements that provide lateral stiffness such as bracing, shear
walls, shear trusses, etc. such that any lateral deflections occurring will be too small to
affect the strength of the column appreciably.
 To determine whether a particular frame it braced or unbraced, the value of the stability
index may be calculated according to NSCP 406.6.4.4. If the value of this index is less
than or equal to 0.05, the frame may be classified as non-sway.
NONSWAY AND SWAY FRAMES

NSCP 406.6.4.4
SLENDERNESS EFFECT

• The slenderness of columns is based on their geometry and lateral bracing.


• As their slenderness increases, their bending stresses increases, and thus buckling may
occur.
• Unsupported Length, – clear distance between slabs, beams, or other members that
provide lateral support to the column.
• Effective length – distance between points of zero moments in the column
• Effective length factor, k – number that must be multiplied by the column’s unsupported
length to obtain its effective length
DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH
FACTOR, K, WITH ALIGNMENT CHART

Steps in using the alignment chart


1. Compute the factors at each end (A and B) of the column. It is equal to the sum of the
stiffnesses of the columns meeting at that joint, including the column under consideration
divided by the sum of all the stiffnesses of the beams meeting at the joint.

NOTE:
• If the end is pinned, =, and if fixed, =
• Since a perfectly fixed end is impossible to have, =1.0 instead of 0.
• When column ends are supported by, but not rigidly connected to a footing, the value
= is used for practical design.
2. Connect the two values of  and mark the value of k.
DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH
FACTOR, K, WITH ALIGNMENT CHART
NOTE:
1. In the calculation of the moment of inertia I of the column of beam to be used in the
calculation of , realistic values must be used.
2. According to NSCP 406.6.3.1.1, the rigidity of the beams may be calculated on the basis of to
account for cracking and reinforcement, while may be used for compression members.
SLENDER COLUMNS IN NONSWAY AND SWAY
FRAME
• Effective slenderness ratio NOTE:
1. r = 0.30 times the dimension
– effective length factor in the direction stability is
- unsupported length being considered for
– radius of gyration rectangular columns.
NSCP 406.2.5.1
2. r = 0.25 times the diameter
of circular columns.
SLENDER COLUMNS IN NONSWAY AND SWAY
FRAME
NSCP 406.2.5
and
Slenderness effects shall be
permitted to be neglected if (a) or
(b) is satisfied: where is negative if the column is
bent in single curvature, and
a. For columns not braced
positive for double curvature and
against sidesway

b. For columns braced against


sidesway
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION METHOD (NSCP
406.6.4)
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION METHOD: NONSWAY
FRAMES (NSCP 406.6.4.5)
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION METHOD: SWAY
FRAMES (NSCP 406.6.4.6)
Girder 300 mm x 450 mm
PROBLEM 1: Using the
alignment chart, calculate 450 mm
the effective length factor
for column AB of the
500 mm
braced frame shown.
Consider only bending in Girder 300 mm x 600 mm Column 300 mm x 500 mm
3.1 m
the plane of the frame.
Compute the slenderness
ratio. Is it a short or a
slender column? End 600 mm 500 mm
moments on the column
are 60 kN-m and 100 kN- Column 300 mm x 500 mm 3.6 m
m resulting in single
curvature.

6.1 m 7.3 m
SOLUTION:

E is the same for columns and beams, thus it can be


disregarded.

At A:

𝒌=𝟎 . 𝟖𝟕𝟓
Slenderness Ratio

For columns braced against sidesway


(slenderness effect neglected)

Therefore, column AB is NOT a slender


column.
665 kN
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION ON
NON-SWAY OR BRACED
FRAMES
PROBLEM 2: Compute the
primary moment in the column 300 mm x 300 mm column
shown in the figure from the 2.3 m
lateral load of 90 kN. Determine
also the estimated total moment,
90 kN
including the secondary moment
from lateral deflection, using the
appropriate magnification factor. 2.3 m
Assume k = 1.0 and . Use . Note
also that the factored dead axial
load is 200 kN.

665 kN
SOLUTION:
a) Primary moment resulting from the lateral load Using the provisions of NSCP 406.6.4

b) Total moment, including secondary moment 0


(Magnified Moment, )

Approximate Solution:

NOTE: = 1.0 for columns with transverse load


Magnification Factor: between supports.

The magnified moment is


𝑃 𝑢 =490 𝑘𝑁
PROBLEM 3: The tied column in
the figure has been approximately
sized to the dimensions 300 mm x 𝑀 1 𝑏=110 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
375 mm. It is used in a frame
braced against sidesway. The
300 mm
column is bent in single curvature
about its y-axis and has an . If ,
determine the reinforcing required.
Consider only bending in the plane
of the frame. Note also that the
unfactored dead load , and the
𝑀 2 𝑏=120 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 62.5 mm 250 mm 62.5 mm
concrete is normal weight.
𝑃 𝑢 =490 𝑘𝑁 375 mm
SOLUTION:
1. Is it a slender column?

For columns without transverse loads in between supports


the column is slender.

2. Magnified Moment

Euler’s Buckling Load


Steel ratio required: Use column interaction
diagram For and
for
Thus for
Interpolate values between and
MOMENT MAGNIFICATION ON SWAY
OR UNBRACED FRAMES: (NSCP 406.6.4.6)
62.5 mm

PROBLEM 1: Select reinforcing bars using the


moment magnification method for the 450 mm x
450 mm unbraced column shown if A first order
analysis has resulted in the following axial loads and 450 mm
moments. 325 mm

450 mm 62.5 mm
SOLUTION: Moment Magnification:
The loading combination assumed to control for case
without sidesway is: Assume

2672 kN The magnified moment

kN-m
The loading combination assumed to control sidesway Is  the value permitted by the code?

2406 kN
(yes)
kN-m
The magnified moment is . This will be used to
determine the steel reinforcing required as in the
Is it a slender column? previous example.

the column is slender.


PROBLEMS:
1. Using the alignment chart, calculate the effective length factor for column BC of the braced frame shown IN
Slide 14. Consider only bending in the plane of the frame. Compute the slenderness ratio. Is it a short or a
slender column? End moments on the column are 0 kN-m and 120 kN-m resulting in double curvature.
2. For the braced tied column with the given properties, select the reinforcing bars (placed in two faces) if the
distance from the column edges to the c.g. of bars are 75 mm each. Use

Column size k (kN) (kN) not (kN-m) (kN-m) Curvature


(bxd) mm (m) factored Factored Factored
450 x 450 4 1.0 1800 400 80 100 Single
300 x 400 5 0.92 2200 500 110 125 Double
3. For the unbraced tied columns with the given properties, select reinforcing bars (placed on two faces) ) if the
distance from the column edges to the c.g. of bars are 75 mm each. Use .

Column k (kN) not (kN) due to


size (bxd) (m) considered wind (kN-m) (kN-m) (kN-m) For all columns For all columns
on floor on floor
mm sway due to
wind

300 x 400 5 1.2 400 1200 40 50 60 40 000 110 000


350 x 600 6 1.35 600 2500 65 90 110 50 000 156 000

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