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Calculating Gas Volumes - Via Moles

Walt and Jesse need to make as much of a chemical product as possible or their boss will punish them. They are given information about a chemical reaction and its stoichiometry and asked questions about calculating potential and actual product yields, explaining differences, and atom economy.

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Mouli Mishra
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13 views

Calculating Gas Volumes - Via Moles

Walt and Jesse need to make as much of a chemical product as possible or their boss will punish them. They are given information about a chemical reaction and its stoichiometry and asked questions about calculating potential and actual product yields, explaining differences, and atom economy.

Uploaded by

Mouli Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Walt and Jesse are making a chemical

product, and they need to make as much


product as possible or their boss will “sack”
them.
I2 + P4
C10H15NO C10H15N
1. If they use 330 kg of reactant, how
much product could they end up with?
2. After collecting the product, they have
only made 270 kg of product. Calculate
this as a percentage of the amount of
product that they could have made.
3. Suggest why the yield is lower.
4. What is the atom economy of this
reaction?
Calculating Gas Volumes
Learning Outcomes
• Define molar gas volume
• Relate molar gas volume to the mole and
the Avogadro constant
• Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses
and volume of gases expressed in mol/dm3

• Scale 1 -10
Why do we work in volumes?

• Gases are incredibly light.

• This means it is difficult to weigh out moles


of gases.

• Instead we measure moles of gases in


terms of volumes.

• This is very easy because…..


Molar gas volume
1 mole of any gas takes up a volume of
24dm3 or 24 litres.
(1dm3 = 1000cm3 = 1litre)
Or
The relative formula mass (Mr) of a gas in g
occupies a volume of 24 L
(at room temp. and pressure)
1 mole of O2 has a volume of 24 dm3
32g of O2 has a volume of 24 dm3
1 mole of CO2 has a volume of 24 dm3
44g of CO2 has a volume of 24 dm3
2 moles of O2 has a volume of 48 dm3
64g of O2 has a volume of 48 dm3
2 moles of CO2 has a volume of 48 dm3
88g of CO2 has a volume of 48 dm3
10 moles of H2 has a volume of 240 dm3
20g of H2 has a volume of 240 dm3
Question 1
• When limestone is heated, it undergoes
thermal decomposition:

CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

• What volume of carbon dioxide is


produced when 1000g limestone is
heated?
Question1

CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)


?
Q2: What volume of oxygen is needed to convert 12g of
magnesium to magnesium oxide?
2Mg (s) + O2 (s) → 2MgO (s)

Q3: What volume of hydrogen is produced when 6g of zinc


reacts in excess sulphuric acid?
Zn (s) + H2SO4 (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2(g)

Q4: What volume of oxygen is produced when 1.2g of


potassium nitrate is heated?
2KNO3 (s) → 2KNO2 +O2 (g)

Q5: What amount of CaCO3 must be heated in order to


release 3dm3 of CO2
Question 2
2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s)
?
• 2 moles of Mg react with 1 mole O2
• Ar Mg = 24
• Moles (Mg) = mass = 12 = 0.5 moles
mass of 1 mole 24
• 0.5 moles Mg react with 0.25 moles O2
• Volume of O.25 moles of O2 0.25 x 24 dm3 = 6 dm3 O2
• Answer: 12g magnesium needs 6 dm3 oxygen to be
converted to magnesium oxide
Question 3
• What volume of hydrogen is produced
when 6g of zinc reacts in excess sulphuric
acid?
• Equation?
Zn (s) + H2SO4 (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2(g)
Question 3

Zn (s) + H2SO4 (s) ZnSO4 (aq) + H2(g)


?
• 1 mole Zn reacts to give 1 mole H2
• Ar (Zn) = 65
• Moles (Zn) = mass = 6.5 = 0.1 moles
mass of 1 mole 65
• 0.1 moles Zn gives 0.1 moles H2
• Volume of 0.1 moles of H2 0.1 x 24 dm3 = 2.4 dm3

• Answer : 6.5g Zn produces 2.4 dm3 hydrogen when it reacts


Question 4
• What volume of oxygen is produced when
1.2g of potassium nitrate is heated?
• Equation?
2KNO3 (s) → 2KNO2 +O2 (g)
Question 4
2KNO3 (s) 2KNO2 +O2 (g)
• 2 moles KNO3 give 1 mole of O2
• Mr (KNO3) = 39 + 14 + ( 3 x 16 ) = 101
• Moles (KNO3) = mass = 1.2 = 0.0119 moles

mass of 1 mole 101


•Ratio in equation means that……..
0.0119 moles KNO3 gives 0.0059 moles O2

• Volume of 0.059 moles of O2 0.0059 x 24dm3 = 0.142dm3


Question 5
Q5: What amount of CaCO3 must be heated
in order to release 3dm3 of CO2
CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Question 5
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) +CO2 (g)
?
• 1 mole CO2 is produced from 1 mole CaCO3
• Mr (CaCO3) = 40 + 12 + ( 3 x 16 ) = 100
• Moles (CO2) = volume = 3 = 0.125 moles
volume of 1 mole 24

• 0.125 moles CO2 produced from 0.125 moles CaCO3

• 0.125 moles CO2 produced from 0.125 x 100 g CaCO3


= 12.5g CaCO3

3
Learning Outcomes
• Define molar gas volume
• Relate molar gas volume to the mole and
the Avogadro constant
• Calculate stoichiometric reacting masses
and volume of gases expressed in mol/dm3

• Scale 1 -10
Ideal Gas Equation
• https://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/kt/i
dealgases.html

• https://vimeo.com/90070576

Review the links above then answer the


questions on the Ideal Gas worksheet.

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