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DataPresentation PSTN01E

The document discusses various ways of presenting data including textual, tabular, and graphical forms. It describes grouped and ungrouped data and explains stem-and-leaf diagrams and frequency distribution tables which are used to organize and summarize data. Steps for constructing each of these are provided.

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Nikki
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12 views

DataPresentation PSTN01E

The document discusses various ways of presenting data including textual, tabular, and graphical forms. It describes grouped and ungrouped data and explains stem-and-leaf diagrams and frequency distribution tables which are used to organize and summarize data. Steps for constructing each of these are provided.

Uploaded by

Nikki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Presentation

• Objectives

• At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to


• Identify and learn various ways of presenting data;
• Describe data through tables, graphs, and charts
• Describe and interpret data presented in various charts; and
• Practice different ways or presenting data.
Types of Data Presentation

• Textual Form
Data presentation using sentences and paragraphs in describing data

• Tabular Form
• Data presentation that uses tables arranged in rows and columns for
various parameters

• Graphical Form - Pictorial representation of data


Grouped and Ungrouped Data

Ungrouped Data

Data points are treated individually.

Grouped Data

Data points are treated and grouped according to


categories.
Data Presentation

• Stem-and-Leaf Diagram

• Steps to construct a stem-and-leaf diagram:


• Divide each number xi into two parts: a stem,
• consisting of one or more of the leading digits, and a
• leaf, consisting of the remaining digit.
• List the stem values in a vertical column.
• Record the leaf for each observation beside its stem.
• Write the units for stems and leaves on the display.
Stem-and-Leaf Diagram

• Example:
1. Express the following data as a stem-and-leaf diagram with the tens digit
as the stems and the ones digit as the leaves.

• 12, 23, 12, 11, 10, 25, 29, 39, 31, 43, 42, 54, 53, 53, 56, 57, 56, 67, 54, 65,
76, 76, 75, 74
Data Presentation

• Frequency Distribution Table

• Numerous data can be analyzed by grouping the data into different classes with equal class
intervals and determining the number of observations that fall within each class. This procedure is
done to lessen work done in treating each data individually by treating the data by group.
Frequency Distribution Table

Class limits
• The smallest and the largest values that fall within the class interval (class)
Taken with equal number of significant figures as the given data.

Class boundaries (true class limits)


• More precise expression of the class interval
• It is usually one significant digit more than the class limit.
• Acquired as the midpoint of the upper limit of the
• lower class and the lower limit of the upper class
• Frequency
• The number of observations falling within a particular class
• Counting and tallying

• Class width (class size)


• - Numerical difference between the upper and lower class boundaries of a class interval.

• Class mark (class midpoint) - Middle element of the class


• It represents the entire class, and it is usuallysymbolized by x.
• Cumulative Frequency Distribution- can be derived from the frequency distribution and can be
also obtained by simply adding the class frequencies
• Partial sums

• Types of Cumulative Frequency Distribution

• Less than cumulative frequency (<cf) refers to the distribution whose frequencies are less than or
below the upper class boundary they correspond to.

• Greater than cumulative frequency (>cf) refers to the distribution whose frequencies are greater
than or above the lower class boundary the correspond to.
• Relative Frequency - Percentage frequency of the class with respect to the total population
- For presenting pie charts

• Relative Frequency (%rf) Distribution - The proportion in percent the frequency of each class
to the total frequency

• Obtained by dividing the class frequency by the total frequency, and multiplying the answer by 100
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
• Steps in Constructing a Frequency Distribution Table (FDT)

• Get the lowest and the highest value in the


• distribution. We shall mark the highest and lowest
• value in the distribution.

• Get the value of the range. The range denoted by R,


• refers to the difference between the highest and the
• lowest value in the distribution. Thus,
• R = H ─ L.
• LESS THAN OGIVE
• - the LESS THAN cumulative frequency is plotted against the UPPER-class boundary limit

• GREATER THAN OGIVE


• - the GREATER THAN cumulative frequency is plotted against the LOWER-class boundary limit
SEATWORK

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