OUTLINNING

SPEECH
TUANALI MALAU AND FEISAL ADI CANDRA
 Outlining Introduction
• Outlining help you visually represent your ideas,
enabling you to see if your speech flows logically and
covers your subject matter adequately.

• Develop the following two outlines before you deliver

your speech :
- a working outline in sentence format
- a speaking outline in phrase or keyword format
 Outlining overview
In order to understand outlines , this
chapter will discuss:

1.Types of Outline
2.Creating your working outline
3.Creating your speaking outline
Types of
Outline
 Types of Outlines :
A working outline
• A working Outline Helps you plan and prepare
• Detailed preparation outline
- Contains all points written out in full sentences or
detailed phrases
- illustrates hierarchy of ideas in your speech
- used when first organizing and rehearsing your
presentation
 Types of oulines :
A Speaking outline

• A Speaking outline is used for the extemporaneous

delivery of your speech
• This brief outline
- remind you of your presentation’s structure
- provides key ideas
- provides delivery guidelines to use during
speecnh
Working and Speaking Outline
 Creating your working outline
• A working outline contains the following
three sections :
- Introduction
- Body
- Conclusion
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the body of your speech

• Use proper labeling and

indentation
- Use a traditional outline form
- Use two to under each main
point
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the body of your speech

• Use full sentences or detailed phrases

• This will help :
- you practice and prepare
- your instructor evaluate you
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the body of your speech
• Be sure supporting materials show subordination to
their corresponding main points
- For example , you should be able to say “ This
supports the point iam making because_______”
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the Body of your speech
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the body of your speech

Include full
information for
citations,quoat
ations,and
other evidence
 Creating your working outline :
Outlining the body of your speech
• Insert transitions in the form of words,
phrases , or sentences that indicate
movement between the :
- Introduction and body
- Iain points
- Body and the conclusion
Transitions between part of Speech
 Creating your working outline :
Outling your introduction
• Outline introduction after outlining the body of your speech
• Start with an attention-getter
• State your topic or thesis statement
• Establish a connection with the audience
• Establish your credibility as a speaker
• Give a preview of the main point
Creating Your Working Outline :
Outlining Your Concusion

• Outline the
conclusioning your
introduction
• Summarize your
main points
• Use a clincher to
end on a strong
note
 Creating your working outline :
Creating your bibliography
• List the sources that you cited or used in your
speech
• Follow your instructor’s guidelines for an MLA or
APA style of documentation
 Creating your working outline :
Inserting the title, specific purpose, and thesis

• Add these details at the top of your working outline , if

assigned.
• Including these can help develop main and supporting
point
 Sample Working outline
The History and Sport of Mountain Biking
Zachary Dominque
St. Edwards University
 SAMPLE WORING OTLINE 13 •    SP 99
The fOllOwing wOrking outline is frOm a speech delivered by public speaking student
Zachary DOminque. It includes all elements Of the speech, including transitions, and
Transition: MOuntain biking is a spOrt that can be extreme, recreational, Or
reminders tO show presentation aids (SHOW SLIDE) in magenta.
sOmewhere in between. But nO matter what kind Of rider you are, it’s
always a great way tO get Out in the natural wOrld and get the
The History and Sport of Mountain Biking
adrenaline going. TO start, let me briey dene mOuntain biking.
Zachary Dominque
St. Edwards University

Body
I. The website ABC Of MOuntain Biking offers a goOd basic denition: “MOuntain
Topic: MOuntain Biking
biking is a fOrm Of cycling on Off- rOad Or unpaved surfaces such as mOuntain trails
General Speech TO infOrm my listeners abOut the and dirt rOads; the biker uses a bicycle with a sturdy frame and fat tires.”
Purpose: spOrt Of mOuntain biking A. The idea behind mOuntain biking is tO go where other bikes wOn’t take you.
Specic TO help my audience gain an 1. MOuntain bikers ride on backcOuntry rOads and On single-track trails winding
Purpose: Overview Of and appreciation fOr thrOugh elds Or fOrests.
mOuntain biking
2. They climb up steep, rOck-strewn hills and race dOwn Over them.
3. The fOcus is On self-reliance, because these bikers Often venture miles frOm
Thesis Statement: MOuntain biking is a relatively
help.
new, exciting, and diverse spOrt.
B. AccOrding tO the National Bicycle Dealers AssOciation website, in 2013 mOuntain
Introduction bikes accOunted fOr 25 percent Of all bikes sOld in the United States.
(Attention Getter) 1. If you factOr in sales Of the cOmfOrt bike, which is actually a mOuntain bike
I. Imagine that you’re on a bike, plunging dOwn a steep, rOck-strewn mOuntain, yet fully in cOntrOl. mOdied fOr purely
recreational riders, sales jump tO nearly 38 percent Of all bikes sOld.
II. Adrenaline cOurses thrOugh your bOdy as you hurtle thrOugh the air, tOuch dOwn On glistening
2. SOme 50 million Americans lOve riding their mOuntain bikes, accOrding tO data
pebbled streams and tangled grasses, and rOcket upward again.
cOllected by the New England MOuntain Bike AssOciation.
III. YOu should be scared, but you’re nOt; in fact, you’re having the time of your life.
Transition: SO you see that mOuntain biking is pOpular with a lOt Of people. But
IV. Like we say, Nirvana. the spOrt itself is fairly new.
V. HOw many of you like tO bike — ride tO campus, bike fOr tness, Or cycle just fOr fun?
VI. YOu might Own a bike with a lightweight frame and thin wheels, and use it tO lOg sOme serious II. The histOry of mOuntain biking is less than 50 years Old, and its fOunders are still
mileage — Or pOssibly a cOmfOrt bike, with a nice sOft seat and sOlid tires. arOund.
VII. GOOd mOrning, fOlks. My name is Zachary DOminque, and I’m a mOuntain biker. A. The man in this picture is Gary Fisher, One of the fOunders Of mOuntain biking.
VIII. I’ve been racing since I was eight years Old and wOn state champion three years ago, sO this tOpic is (SHOW PHOTO)
clOse tO my heart. B. AccOrding tO The Original Mountain Bike Book, written in 1998 by pioneering mOuntain
(Preview Statement) bikers ROb van der Plas and Charles Kelly, they, alOng with Fisher, JOe Breeze, and
Other members Of the fOunding pOsse frOm the Marin COunty, CalifOrnia, area,
IX. TOday, I’m going tO take you On a tOur Of the exciting spOrt Of mOuntain biking: I’ll be your engine
were instrumental in fOunding the mOdern spOrt Of mOuntain biking in the early
— your driver — in mOuntain bike–speak.
1970s.
X. Our ride begins with a brief Overview Of mOuntain biking; then we’ll dO a hopturn — a turn in reverse
— tO learn abOut the spOrt’s cOlOrful histOry.
XI. Pedalling ahead in this beautiful autumn air, we’ll chat abOut the various differences in design and
function between mOuntain bikes and rOad bikes.
XII. We’ll cOnclude our tOur at a lOcal bike shop, where you can cOmpare dOwnhill, trail, and crOss-
cOuntry mOuntain bikes.
XIII. These are the three main types Of mOuntain bikes, designed fOr the three majOr types Of
mOuntain biking.
XIV. I hope by then that you’ll catch a little bit Of mOuntain biking fever and see why I nd it such an
exciting, intense, and physically challenging spOrt.
100 3 • Z

C. MOuntain bikes — called MTBs Or ATBs (fOr all-terrain bikes) — didn’t exist then as we
13 •    SP 101
nOw knOw them, sO as you can see in this picture of Gary Fisher, he’s riding a mOdied
One-speed Schwinn cruiser. (SHOW GARY)
1. Cruisers, Or “ballOOners,”aren’t made tO go Off rOad at all. H. By 1982, as van der Plas and Kelly write in The Original Mountain Bike Book, standardized
prOduction Of mOuntain bikes nally tOOk Off.
2. NOthing equips them tO navigate trails, and their brakes aren’t remOtely equipped tO
handle stOps On steep descents.
3. But this is the type of bike Fisher and Others started Out with. Transition: NOw that you’ve learned a bit Of the histOry of mOuntain biking, let’s lOOk at what
tOday’s mOuntain bike can dO. TO make things clearer, I’ll cOmpare them tO
D. By the mid-1970s, grOwing numbers Of bikers in Cali- fOrnia got intO using mOdied
rOad bikes. ROad bikes are the class Of bikes that cyclists who cOm- pete in the
cruisers tO race dOwnhill On rOcky trails.
TOur de France use.
1. They’d meet at the bOttOm Of MOunt Tamalpais, in COrte Madera, CalifOrnia.
2. They’d walk their bikes a mile or twO up its steep slOpes, and hurl On dOwn. III. MOuntain bikes and rOad bikes are built fOr different purpOses.
E. As even mOre people got invOlved, Charles Kelly and Others Organized the famed Repack A. MOuntain bikes are built tO tackle rOugh grOund, while rOad bikes are designed tO ride
DOwnhill Race on Mt. Tam. fast On paved, smOOth surfaces.
1. Held frOm 1976 tO 1979, the Repack race became a magnet fOr enthusiasts and put the 1. TO accOmplish their task, mOuntain bikes feature wide tires with tOugh tread.
spOrt On the map, accOrding tO The Original Mountain Bike Book. 2. In cOntrast, rOad bike tires are ultrathin and their frames extremely lightweight.
a. If you take a rOad bike off-rOad, chances are you’ll destrOy it.
Transition: The reasOn why the race was called “Repack” is a stOry in itself. b. Without the knObby tread and thickness fOund On mOuntain bike tires, rOad bike
tires can’t grip OntO the rOcks and Other Obstacles that cOver Off-rOad cOurses.
2. The trail in the Repack race plummeted 1,300 feet in less than 2 miles, accOrding tO the B. The handlebars On the bikes alsO differ, as you can see here. (SHOW HANDLEBARS)
Marin Museum Of Biking website. 1. MOuntain bikes feature at handlebars; these keep us in an upright stance, sO that we
a. Such a steep drOp meant cOnstant braking, which in turn required riders tO replace, dOn’t ip Over when we hit sOmething.
Or “repack,” their bikes’ grease after nearly each run. 2. The drOp handlebars On rOad bikes require the cyclist tO lean far fOrward; this pOsition
b. As Breeze recOunts in his Own wOrds: “The bikes’ antiquated hub cOaster brake suits rOad cycling, which prizes speed.
wOuld get sO hot that the grease wOuld vapOrize, and after a run Or twO, the hub C. The gears and suspension systems alsO differentiate mOuntain bikes frOm rOad bikes.
had tO be repacked with new grease.” 1. MOuntain bikes use lOwer gears than rOad bikes and are mOre widely spaced, giving
them mOre cOntrOl tO ride difcult terrain.
Transition: As you might imagine, these early enthusiasts eventually tired Of the rOutine. 2. As fOr suspension, rOad bikes generally dOn’t have any kind Of suspension system
F. The bikers had tinkered with their bikes frOm the start, adding gearing, drum brakes, and that can absOrb pOwer.
suspension systems. a. That is, they dOn’t have shock absOrbers because they’re nOt suppOsed tO hit
G. In 1979, JOe Breeze designed a new frame — called the “Breezer”— which became the anything.
rst actual mOuntain bike. b. Imagine riding over rOcks and rOOts without shocks; it wOuldn’t be pretty.
102 3 • Z 13 •    SP 103

3. Many mOuntain bikes have at least a great frOnt shock absOrbing 1. That’s right. AccOrding tO Olympic.org , in 1996, mOuntain biking became an
suspension system. Olympic spOrt.
a. SOme have rear-suspension systems. 2. This was just twO decades after its inception.
b. SOme bikes have dual systems. H. With crOss-cOuntry, you get the best Of all wOrlds, at least in my humble opinion.
3. The cOurses are creative, incOrpOrating hills and valleys and rOugh tO nOt-
Transition: I hope by nOw you have a sense of the mOun- tain bike design. But there are sO-rOugh terrain.
ner distinc- tions tO draw. 4. If dOne cOmpetitively, crOss-cOuntry biking is like cOmpeting in a marathon.
IV. There are actually three different types Of mOuntain bikes, designed tO 5. DOne recreationally, it Offers you the chance tO see the great OutdOOrs while getting,
accOmmOdate the three majOr kinds Of mOuntain biking — dOwnhill, trails, Or staying, in great shape.
and crOss- cOuntry. I. CrOss-cOuntry bikes cOme in twO fOrms.
6. XC bikes are very lightweight, with either full Or partial suspension.
Transition: Let’s start with dOwnhill. (SHOW BIKE) 7. The Trails/Marathon XC hybrid bikes are a bit heavier, with full suspension; XC bikes
are designed fOr seriously lOng rides.
A. DOwnhill bikes have the fewest gears Of the three types Of mOuntain bikes and
weigh the mOst.
Transition: Well, it has been quite a tOur, fOlks. (Signals close of speech)
1. That’s because dOwnhill biking is a daredevil spOrt — these bikers are crazy!
2. They slide dOwn hills at insane speeds, and they go Off jumps. Conclusion
B. As described On the website Trails.com, dOwnhill racers catch a shuttle going up I. Our cOurse began with an Overview Of mOuntain biking and a hopturn intO a brief
the mOuntain, then speed dOwnhill while chewing up Obstacles. histOry of the spOrt.
C. Think Of dOwnhill racing as skiing with a bike. II. We alsO learned abOut the differences between mOuntain bikes and rOad bikes, and the
three majOr categories Of mOuntain bikes. (Summarizes main points)
Transition: NOw let’s swing by trails biking. III. TO me, mOuntain biking, and especially crOss-cOuntry, is the perfect spOrt — fullling
physical, spiritual, and sOcial needs.
D. Trails bikes lOOk quite different than either dOwnhill Or crOss-cOuntry bikes.
IV. It’s a great spOrt tO take up recreationally. (Leaves audience with something to
(SHOW TRAIL BIKE)
think about)
1. They have very small wheels, measuring either 20, 24, Or 26 inches, and
V. And if you decide tO mOuntain bike cOmpetitively, just remember: ride fast, drive hard,
smaller frames.
and leave your blOOd On every trail. (Memorable close)
2. These differences in design help trail bikers dO what they dO best: jump Over
Obstacles — cars, rOcks, and large lOgs. Works Cited
E. The trail biker’s goal is tO nOt put a fOOt dOwn On the grOund. “Cycling, MOuntain Biking,” Olympics.org website, accessed February 15, 2015, www
F. Trail bike racing is One of the few types Of biking that’s dOne by time, nOt all .olympic.org/Assets/OSC%20Section
at a mass start. /pdf/QR_sports_summer/Sports_Olympiques_VTT_eng.pdf. “The EcOnOmics and Benets Of
MOuntain Biking,” New
England MOuntain Bike AssOciation, accessed February 15, 2015, www.nemba.org.
Transition: The third majOr type of mOuntain biking, crOss-cOuntry, Or XC cycling,
“HistOry of MOuntain Biking,”Marin Museum Of Biking web- site, accessed February 15,
is my spOrt. (SHOW XC)
2015 http://mmbhof.org/mtn-bike
G. CrOss-cOuntry biking is alsO the mOst cOmmOn type Of mOuntain biking -hall-of-fame/history .
— and the one spOnsOred by the Olympics.
 TIPS FOR CREATING YOUR WORKING OUTLINE

Tip : Use your outline to plan and practice your

speech
Tip : The More detailed your working outline is, the
easier it will be to detect and correct flaws in
your organization
 Creating your speaking outline
• In most public speaking situation,
extemporaneous speaking gives the best result.
• Extemporaneous speaking uses a limited number
of notes, therefore, it is best to speak from a
speaking outline
 CREATING YOUR SPEAKING OUTLINE:
FORMATTING YOUR SPEAKING OUTLINE
• Keep it brief, using only keywords or brief phrases
• Use the same structure as the working outline
 Creating your speaking outline:
Element of your speaking outline
• Keep all point to two three words.
• Write the citation information you use for evidence
• Include words that are difficult to remember or pronounce
• Include reminder (in Brackets) for each transition
• Add delivery notes in the margin, such as “Slow down.” or Look Up.”
Creating your speaking outline:
Element of your speaking online
 Sample Speaking outline
The History and Sport of Mountain Biking
Zachary Dominque
St. Edwards University
 13 •    SP 105 106 3 • Z

2. Climb steep, rOck-strewn, race dOwn.

SAMPLE SPEAKING OUTLINE 3. Self-reliance, miles frOm help.
B. National Bicycle Dealers AssOc., 2013 MTBs 25 percent sOld.
The History and Sport of Mountain Biking 4. FactOr cOmfOrt, actually MTB mOdied recreational, sales 38 percent.
Zachary Dominque 5. 50 million lOve riding, data gathered NE MTB Assn.
St. Edwards University

Introduction Transition: SO MTB pOpular people. But fairly new.

(Attention Getter)
II. HistOry MTB less 50, fOunders.
I. Imagine on bike, plunging rOck-strewn, yet cOntrOl.
A. Gary Fisher, fOunders MTB. (SHOW PICTURE)
II. Adrenaline, hurtle, tOuch dOwnstream, rOcket.
B. Original Mountain Bike Book, written 1998 by van
III. Be scared, but nOt — time of life. der Plas, Kelly; they, alOng with Fisher, Breeze, Other members pOsse Marin, instrumental
IV. Nirvana. fOunding mOdern spOrt early 1970s.
V. HOw many bike, tness, fun? C. MTBs Or ATBs (terrain) — didn’t exist, sO picture Fisher, mOdied Schwinn cruiser. (SHOW
VI. Might Own lightweight, thin wheels, serious mileage — Or cOmfOrt, sOft seat, sOlid PICTURE)
tires. 1. Cruisers,“ballOOners,”Off-rOad.
VII. MOrning, Zachary, MTBer. 2. NOthing equips navigate, brakes equipped stOps descents.
VIII. Eight; champion, heart. 3. But bike Fisher, Others started.
(Preview Statement) D. Mid-1970s, grOwing numbers using mOdied race dOwnhill.
IX. TOday, tOur, exciting spOrt Of . . . engine, driver, MTB- speak. 1. Meet bOttOm Tamalpais, CA.
X. Ride begins brief Overview; dO hopturn — cOlOrful histOry. 2. Walk bikes mile up steep, hurl.
XI. Pedaling ahead autumn, chat differences between mOuntain, rOad. E. Even invOlved, Kelly, Others Organized Repack.
XII. COnclude shop, cOmpare MTBs. 1. 1976–1979, magnet enthusiasts, On map, Original MTB.
XIII. Three types bikes, designed fOr three . . .
XIV. HOpe catch fever, exciting, intense, and physically. Transition: ReasOn called “Repack” stOry itself.

Transition: MTB spOrt extreme . . . in-between. But nO matter, always great way natural wOrld, 2. Trail plummeted 1,300 feet 2 miles, accOrding Breeze article pOsted MTB Fame website.
adren- aline. Start, dene. a. Such drOp cOnstant braking, required riders replace, “repack,”grease each run.
b. Breeze recOunts: “The bikes’ antiquated hub cOaster brake wOuld get sO hot that the grease
Body
wOuld vapOrize, and after a run Or twO, the hub had tO be repacked with new grease.”
I. ABC/MB def: “MTB is a fOrm Of cycling on Off-rOad Or unpaved surfaces such as
mOuntain trails and dirt rOads; the biker uses a bicycle with a sturdy frame and fat tires.”
Transition: Might imagine, early enthusiasts tired.
A. The idea — go where others.
1. MTBs ride backcOuntry, single-track winding elds, fOrests. F. Bikers tinkered, gearing, drum, suspension.
G. 1979, Breeze new frame —“Breezer”— rst actual MTB.
H. 1982, as van der Plas, Kelly write in Original MTB, standardized tOOk Off.
III. MTB, rOad built different purpOses. 108 3 •  Z
A. MTB tackle rOugh, rOad designed fast, paved, smOOth.
1. AccOmplish task, wide tire, tOugh tread.
E.Trail goal nOt fOOt On grOund.
2. In cOntrast, rOad ultrathin, frames lightweight.
a. Take off-rOad, destrOy. F.Trail racing few types dOne by time, nOt mass.
b. Without knObby tread, thickness MTB tires, rOad can’t
grip rOcks, Obstacles. Transition: Third majOr type MTB, crOss-cOuntry, Or XC.
B. Handlebars differ.
1. MTB at; upright stance, dOn’t ip. G.CrOss-cOuntry mOst cOmmOn — Olympics.
2. DrOp handlebars require lean fOrward; suits rOad cycling, 1.That’s right. In 1996 . . .
prizes speed. 2.Just twO decades inception.
C. Gears, suspension alsO differentiate.
H.With XC, best all wOrlds, humble.
1. MTB lOwer gears, widely spaced — mOre cOntrOl
difcult terrain.
1. COurses creative, incOrpOrating hills, valleys, rOugh,
2. As fOr suspension, rOad dOn’t, absOrb pOwer. nOt-sO.
a. That is, dOn’t have shock, nOt suppOsed tO. 2.COmpetitively, XC like marathon.
b. Imagine without shocks; wOuldn’t be pretty. 3.Recreationally, chance see outdOOrs, shape.
3. Many MTBs at least a great frOnt. I.XC twO fOrms.
a. SOme rear. 1.Lightweight, full Or partial.
b. SOme dual.
2. Trails/Marathon XC hybrids heavier, full suspension;
designed seriously lOng.
Transition: HOpe sense MTB design. But ner distinctions tO draw.
IV. Actually three types MTB, accOmmOdate three kinds. Transition: Quite tOur. (Signals close of speech)
Conclusion
Transition: Let’s start with dOwnhill.
I.COurse began Overview, hopturn histOry spOrt.
A. DOwnhill fewest gears, weigh mOst.
II. AlsO learned differences: mOuntain, rOad, three majOr
1. Because dOwnhill daredevil — crazy!
categories Of MTB, three types MTB accOmmOdate fans.
2. Slide insane, Off jumps.
(Summarizes main points)
B. Trails.com, dOwnhill racers catch shuttle going up, speed
dOwnhill chewing up. III. TO me, MTB, especially XC, perfect — fullling physical,
C. Think racing skiing bike. spiritual, sOcial needs.
IV. Great take up recreationally. (Leaves audience with
Transition: NOw let’s swing by trails biking. something to think about)
V. Decide bike cOmpetitively, remember: ride fast, drive hard,
D. Trails bikes lOOk different than either.
leave blOOd. (Memorable close)
1. Small wheels, 20, 24, Or 26, smaller frames.
2. Differences design help trail dO best — jump Obstacles
— cars, rOcks, large lOgs.
 Tips for creating your
speaking outline
Tip : Be sure to use the working outline that you have
carefully prepared and practiced with to create your
speaking outline
Tip : Many speakers find the best speaking outlines are only
one or two pages that they can set down and glance at
easily to determine their place
 CONCLUSION
1. In much the same way as you’d take these two steps to ensure a safe
journey, many speech instructors suggest taking two steps when outlining
your speech. In fact, many instructors require two versions of your outline
for each presentation. The first is usually known as a working outline,
which functions as a road map to help you prepare your speech. The
second is known as a speaking outline, which, like a brief set of directions,
provides you with quick and easy-to-follow notes you can refer to without
really “taking your eyes off the road”—or, in this case, your audience.
2. A working outline is a long outline that you use to craft your speech. A working
outline should include all elements of your entire speech—from attention-getter to
clincher—with each idea written down in full sentences or detailed phrases
3. A speaking outline is a short outline that expresses your ideas in brief
phrases, key words, or abbreviations rather than in complete sentences or
detailed phrases.
REFERNCES
1. Lucas, Stephen, (2015).The art of public speaking University of
Wisconsin–Madison—Twelfth edition
2. FRALEIGH,Douglash M. And Joshep S. Tuman (2017). Speak Up! An
Illustrated Guide to Public Speaking. Bedford/St. Martin’s. Boston/New
York .USA
3. O’hair, Dan.,Hanah Hubastein & Rob Stewart (2016). A pocket Guide to
Public Speaking. Bedford/St. Martin’s. Boston/New York .USA