Chapter Three: Forms of

Communication
BY: H/mariam K.
Communication is …

 According to Newman and Summer ,

“Communication is an exchange of facts ,
ideas , opinions or emotions by two or more
persons .
“ According to Allen , “The sum of all the
things one person does when he wants to
create understanding in the mind of
another . “
Communication Process :-
Key Elements Of Communication
Sender
Message
Encoding
Channel
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback
Forms of Communication
VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 Language is the most useful tool of communication

as it can convey idea and message easily if the
parties to the communication understand the
language used .
 So , “Communication by using language is simply
called as verbal communication . “
Verbal ….
Verbal communication can be divided
in to two parts :-
Oral Communication

Oral communication is the interchange of

verbal messages between sender and
receiver .
Oral communication can be terms as,“
Spoken communication which can be defined
as communicating our thoughts through
words .
Disadvantages of oral communication:
 Wordsspoken disappear into thin air. The words
are temporary.
 Words
are not permanent unlike say written
communication.
 What is heard is often forgotten.
 Nonverbalcommunication that supports oral
communication may not be understood by
people from other cultures.
Written Communication

 Written communication is a creative activity

that requires a lot of imagination and efforts to
arrive at the finished product .
 Written communication can be terms as, “
Transformation of information through in any
written form like letters , notices , circulars ,
memos , reports etc .
Advantages of written communication:
Knowledge and information became
available to people who could read.
Written message are more carefully
formulated than oral communication .
Written communication serves as a reliable
record for future reference and can be
used in legal proceedings .
Disadvantages of written communication:

 Onehas to be literate to use written

communication.
 Written communication is generally more
expensive to convey a short message .
 Formal in nature so It does not involves personal
touch between two parties .
 If
the written communication is poorly drafted , it
mat create misunderstanding and confusion in the
mind of receiver .
NON – VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Nonverbal communication describes the

process of conveying meaning in the form
of non-word messages.
It can be define as , “ Non verbal
communication is the transfer of
meaningful information from one person to
another by means other than written or
spoken words . “
Sign Language
People, today , not only communicate
through words only , but also make use
of sign and symbols in communication
hence ,“ Sign language includes all
forms of symbols which replace words ,
numbers and punctuation signs . “
Features of Sign Language :-
 Sign language is an art of communication with the
use of pictures, drawings , sounds , etc .
 Itis an expression of one’s feelings through the
use of symbols .
 Itrequires just common sense and not any formal
education for being understood .
Visual Signs
Visual signs & symbols speak a universal
language understood by people all over
the world and are easy to grasp and
remember .
It includes the use of posters , drawings
, cartoon maps , diagrams ,
photographs, etc
Visual Signs: For example ,
 Anybody anywhere can recognize the sign for a
telephone booth or a no smoking , or a factory .
 Traffic lights red , yellow , green on roads and the
lights at railway station .
 Lightsare used to mark celebrations , festive
occasions , etc .
 Hoardings, lights on top of VIP vehicles or an
ambulance serve their purpose .
Audio Signs
Audio signs or signals have been used to send
message since the early days of civilization .
It is also universal in nature as they are
understood by people easily .
Audio signals include the use of drum
beating , alarms , buzzers, whistles , bells ,
sirens . Etc
Body Language

Body language is a form of non-verbal

communication which consists of body posture
, gestures , facial expressions and eye
movements .
Humans send and interpret such signals
almost entirely subconsciously .
Body Language
 Inother words “The bodily gestures, postures,
and facial expressions by which a person
communicates nonverbally with others”
 Movement/kinesics :-
 Posture
 Gesture
 Facial expressions
 Gaze / Eye contact
Posture
 The first important aspect of kinesics is posture.
 Standing
or sitting in a relaxed professional
manner is a positive posture nonverbal.
 Also,being comfortably upright, squarely facing
an audience, and evenly distributing your weight
are all aspects of posture that communicate
professionalism, confidence, attention to detail
and organization.
Gesture

Deliberate movements and signals are an

important way to communicate meaning
without words.
Common gestures include waving, pointing,
and using fingers to indicate numeric amounts.
Other gestures are arbitrary and related to
culture.
 Facial Expressions

 Facial
expressions are responsible for a huge proportion
of nonverbal communication.
 Considerhow much information can be conveyed with
a smile or a frown.
 While nonverbal communication and behaviour can
vary dramatically between cultures, the facial
expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are
similar throughout the world
Eye Contact/Gaze
 Lookingat someone means showing interest in
that person, and showing interest is a giant step
forward in making the right impression .
 Youraim should be to stay with a calm, steady,
and non-threatening gaze.
 Eyebehavior can reveal confidence , or
nervousness , warmth and caring , doubt and
fear , or other emotions to a message .
Personal Appearance

 Appearance includes such things as a person’s body

shape , skin color , hair color and length and facial
features .
 Some aspects of a person’s appearance may provide
us with useful information that we do not want to
ignore .
 Itmay be desirable to attended to certain aspects
such as age or gender .
Vocal Features

Vocal features every thing about a spoken

message except the words themselves ,
such as the tone of the voice or pace of
speech .
Voice , quality , volume , pitch , rate of
delivery , pronunciations and pauses are
aspects of vocalizes .
Non Verbal ….
 Aswords have limitations , non – verbal
communication is more effective in situations is more
effective in situations where a person has to explain
shapes , directions , inner feelings and personalities
 Non-verbalsignals serve to make the message more
powerful and convincing .
 Tryto convince or motivate another person into doing
a certain task while keeping your facial expression ,
gestures and tone of voice unanimated
Disadvantages Of Non – Verbal Communication :-
Long conversation is difficult.
It varies culture to culture .
Difficult to understand and requires a lot of
repetitions
Cannot be used as public tool for communication .
Less influential and cannot be used everywhere .