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LEC-3 Combustion Equation

The document discusses combustion equations for solid, gaseous, and composite fuels. It provides stoichiometric equations for combustion of carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, carbon monoxide, and methane with oxygen. The document also describes how to calculate theoretical air requirements and mass of combustion products for a given fuel composition.

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bilal
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29 views

LEC-3 Combustion Equation

The document discusses combustion equations for solid, gaseous, and composite fuels. It provides stoichiometric equations for combustion of carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, carbon monoxide, and methane with oxygen. The document also describes how to calculate theoretical air requirements and mass of combustion products for a given fuel composition.

Uploaded by

bilal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Combustion Equations

Combustion Equations of Solid Fuels


When carbon burns in sufficient quantity of oxygen and produced
carbon dioxide along with large amount of heat.

C + O2 = CO2+Heat
1mol + 1mol =1mol
12kg + 32kg = 44kg
1kg + 8/3kg = 11/3

It means that 1kg of carbon requires 8/3 kg of oxygen for its
complete combustion and produces 11/3 kg of carbon dioxide gas.
If sufficient oxygen is not available, then combustion process is not
complete and produces carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.
2C + O2 = 2CO
2mol + 1mol =2mol (by
volume)
2x12kg + 2x16kg =2x28kg (by mass)
1kg + 4/3kg = 7/3

It means that 1kg of carbon requires 4/3 kg of oxygen and


produces 7/3 kg of carbon monoxide.

If carbon monoxide burn further and produces carbon dioxide


2CO + O2 = 2CO2
2mol + 1mol =2mol (by
volume)
2x28kg + 2x16kg =2x44kg (by mass)
1kg + 4/7kg = 11/7
When sulphur (if any) burns with oxygen and produced sulphur
dioxide.
S + O2 = SO2
1mol + 1mol =1mol (by volume)
32kg + 2x16kg = 64kg (by mass)
1kg + 1kg = 2kg

It means that 1kg of sulphur requires 1 kg of oxygen for its


complete combustion and produces 2 kg of sulphur dioxide gas.
Combustion Equations of Gaseous Fuels
Gaseous fuels are generally measured by volume (m3) than by mass

When carbon monoxide burns with oxygen and produced carbon


dioxide.
By Volume:
2CO + O2 = 2CO2
2volumes + 1vol =2vol
2m3 + 1m3 = 2m3

By mass:
2CO + O2 = 2CO2
2x28kg + 1x32kg= 2x44kg
1kg + 4/7 kg = 11/7kg

It means that 1kg of carbon monoxide requires 4/7 kg of oxygen


and produces 11/7 kg of carbon dioxide gas.
When hydrogen burns with oxygen produces:
By Volume:
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
2volumes + 1vol =2vol
2m3 + 1m3 = 2m3

By mass:
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
2x2kg + 1x32kg= 2x18kg
1kg + 8 kg = 9 kg
It means that 1kg hydrogen requires 8 kg of oxygen and produces 9
kg of water or steam.

For burning of CH4 with O2,

CH4 + 2O2 =CO2 + 2H2O


16kg + 2x32kg =44kg + 2x18kg
Now, consider 1kg of a Fuel, which contains C,H and S
Let, Mass of Carbon = C kg
Mass of Hydrogen = H kg
Mass of Sulphur = S kg

We know that for the complete combustion of fuel requires sufficient Oxygen
for constituent element such as,

1kg Carbon (C) 8/3 kg of Oxygen


1kg Hydrogen (H) 8 kg of Oxygen
1kg Sulphur (S) 1 kg of Oxygen

Therefore, total oxygen required for complete combustion of 1 kg of fuel


= 8/3 C +8 H2 +1 S kg
If some quantity of oxygen is already present in the fuel, then
=[8/3 C +8 H2 + S kg]- O2 kg
We know that oxygen is obtained from the atmospheric air for the combustion
Which mainly consists of Nitrogen, Oxygen and negligible quantity of
Carbon dioxide and inert gases (Neon, Argon and Krypton).

For the calculations these negligible quantities are not considered.


Therefore,
N2 = 77% and O2 = 23% By mass
N2 = 79% and O2 = 21% By volume

It is obvious that for obtaining 1kg of oxygen, amount of air req.

=100/23=4.35kg

=100/23[(8/3 C+8H2+S)-O2]
ample:
uel has the following composition by mass,
rbon 86%, Hydrogen 11.75% and Oxygen 2.25%.
lculate the theoretical air supply per kg of fuel and the mass of
oducts of combustion per kg of fuel.

lution:

=0.86 kg, H2 = 0.1175kg, O2 = 0.0225kg

Theoretical air supply per kg


we know that

Airtheo = 100/23[(8/3C+8 H2 +S)- O2] kg

bstitute the values


Airtheo = 100/23[(8/3x0.86+8 x0.1175 +0)- 0.0225] kg

Airtheo = 13.96  14kg


(ii) Mass of products of combustion

We know that,

C+O2 =CO2
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O

We know that 1kg of carbon produces 11/3 kg of carbon dioxide and


1kg of hydrogen produces 9 kg of water.

Therefore, total mass of the products of combustion,

=11/3xC+9H2kg

= 11/3x0.86+9x0.1175
= 4.21 kg

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