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Gait Kinetics

This document discusses the kinetic analysis of forces acting on the body during gait. It describes external forces like gravity and ground reaction force, and internal forces from muscles. It provides details on lines of action and effects of forces. Muscle activity and types of contraction during different phases of gait are analyzed for hip, knee, and ankle joints.

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21 views20 pages

Gait Kinetics

This document discusses the kinetic analysis of forces acting on the body during gait. It describes external forces like gravity and ground reaction force, and internal forces from muscles. It provides details on lines of action and effects of forces. Muscle activity and types of contraction during different phases of gait are analyzed for hip, knee, and ankle joints.

Uploaded by

aishp2897
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KINETIC ANALYSIS

By:H.a.maaz
OPT
Forces acting on the body During gait.

- - External forces: gravitational force,


ground reaction force and inertia.

- - Internal forces: active muscle


force, passive (ligaments, tendons,
capsules, bony components).
1- gravitational force

- point of application : COG


-Line of action: LOG.
-Direction: vertical downward.
- Magnitude: W
LOG: imaginary vertical line passes
perpendicularly in the body through
the COG.
Pathway from lateral view:
Vertex
-mastoid process
-anterior to atlantooccipital joint
-behind cervical spine
-anterior to the body of dorsal vertebrae
-posterior to the body of lumbar
vertebrae
-anterior to the second sacral vertebrae
-behind or through the hip joint
- anterior to the knee joint
- anterior to the ankle joint
Effect of gravitational force on body segments

- Depends on location of the LOG relative to axis of


motion.
- Through the axis: no torque
- At a distance: gravitational torque produced that
causes motion of the body segment around the axis of
rotation.
- Gravitational torque tends to cause anterior motion of
the proximal segment.
- magnitude of torque depends on the distance
between LOG and the joint axis.
- The gravitational torque is opposed by a
counterbalancing torque by active muscle tension and
passive tension in ligaments and joint capsules.
2- ground reaction force

- point of application : COP


-Line of action: GRFV.
-Direction: upward.
-Magnitude: ma
COP
GRFV
GRFV
Pathway of GRFV

IC LR MS TS PS

Hip A A P P P

Knee A P A A P

ankle P P A A A
Gait
Frontal plane
Internal forces: primarily by the muscles. Assisted
by ligaments, tendons, capsules, bones.
To counterbalance the moment created by the GRFV.

 Prime movers
 Stabilisers
 Muscle contraction
mode:
• concentric
• eccentric
• isometric
Analysis of muscle activity during Gait

General principles:
- Identify the acting muscle and the type of muscle

contraction.
1- identify the pathway of the GRFV and the moment
resulting from this passage. The muscle in the opposite
direction is acting to counterbalance.
2-determine the normal joint motion during this subphase of
gait.
3- * joint motion occurs in the same direction with the
muscles…………Concentric.
*joint motion occurs in one direction and the acting
muscle works in opposite
direction…………………….Eccentric.
Analysis of Gait – sagittal plane analysis. Ankle
joint.
IC LR MS TS PS

Ankle P P A A A
0 15 5-10 10 20-30
dorsiflexion Plant Flex Dorsi flex Dorsi flex Planter flex
10 0 0
Plante
Flex
Analysis of Gait – sagittal plane analysis. Knee
joint
IC LR MS TS PS

Knee A P A A P
0 15-20 5 0 35-40
extension Flex flexion extenson. flexion
40- 60 65-30 0
Flex Flex exten
Analysis of Gait – sagittal plane analysis. Hip joint
IC LR MS TS PS

Hip A A P P P
30 25 0 20 0
Flex Flex Hyper ext.
20 30 30
Flex Flex Flex
Pathway of GRFV: Frontal plane

IC LR MS TS PS

Hip L M M M L

Knee L M M M N

ankle N L L M N

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