MODULE 2

GRAPHIC SYMBOLS FOR DIAGRAMS

Design of electrical installations for domestic buildings
Domestic or Residential buildings
Used for normal residential purpose with sleeping, cooking and dining
Classifications of Domestic or Residential buildings
1. Stand alone buildings – Single family – Not more than 20 persons.
2. Apartment buildings/Flats – Independent living spaces for 3 or more
families.
Primary Objective
Safety & economy
Other merits of consideration
Energy efficiency, reliability, convenience & provision for future expansion.
Design of electrical installations for domestic buildings (Contd)
 Careful planning is required since lifestyles changes fast.
240V for single phase & 415 for 3 Phase
Existing safety levels should be followed.
Protective devices (Over current , Over voltage etc) should be
installed.
Protective Measures
Adequate earthing.
Adequate protection against earth leakage (Normal equipment
leakage current & current due to insulation failure). ELCBs, RCCBs Etc.
Over current protection.(MCBs)
Low Voltage Circuit Breakers
1. Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB).
2. Moulded case Circuit breakers (MCCB)
3. Air Circuit Breakers (ACB)
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

• Over load (Thermal release) & Short Circuit Protection.

• Trip Characteristics are not adjustable.
Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) (Contd)

• Low voltage MCBs are mounted in multi- tiers in DBs.

• Tripping characteristics – B,C,D,Z,K & S
MCB Tripping Characteristics
• B’ Curve MCB - protection of circuits with equipment that
does not cause surge current, like lighting and distribution
circuits. So they are, the best fit for residential applications
and domestic appliances. Short Circuit release –(3-5)In.
MCB Tripping Characteristics (Contd)
MCB Tripping Characteristics (Contd)
B Characteristic Suitable for electrical circuits which do not have starting or inrush current
(lighting and distribution circuits)

D Characteristic For electrical circuits with high in rush current. Typically 12-15 times the
normal rated current.(Eg- Transformers, X-ray Machines etc). SC release set
to 10-20 times In.

Z Characteristic Used to protect highly sensitive equipment with semiconductor devices.

Instantaneous trip current is 23In.

K Characteristic For high level of in rush current devices. Instantaneous trip is 812I n. . Ideal
for Motors & Transformers.

S Characteristics For Highly Inductive loads (For circuits with coils and light filaments).
LV MCB availability format

• 1 Pole breaker in 1 Module.

• Compact 1P + N Breaker in two Modules.
• Compact 2P Breakers in two Modules.
• 2P,3P & 4P Breakers
Residual Current Circuit Breaker(RCCB)/ELCB
• Detect leakage currents.
Residual Current Circuit Breaker(RCCB)/ELCB -(Contd)
• Detect leakage currents.
• Incorporates a core balance transformer having primary & secondary
windings.
• The primary winding is in series with the supply mains and load.
• Under Normal conditions, the incoming current is equal to the out going
current. No residual magnetic field, that could induce a voltage in the
secondary.
• In case of an earth leakage/fault, the phase current will not be equal to
the neutral current.
• The difference is detected by a core balance transformer.
• A trip relay activates the trip mechanism for disconnection of the supply.
Residual Current Circuit Breaker(RCCB)/ELCB -(Contd)
Residual Current Circuit Breaker(RCCB)/ELCB -(Contd)
Residual Current Circuit Breaker(RCCB)/ELCB -(Contd)
• Earth leakage protective devices compulsory for the following
installations as per Rule 61A of IE Rules 1956.
• Installations having load above 5 kW
• Luminous tube Installations.
• X ray Machines.
RCCCB availability format.
• 2 POLE & 4 POLE.
• Range – 16-63 A , 80-125 A
IΔn values
• High Sensitivity – 6-10-30 mA ( For Direct Contact/Life injury Protection)
• Medium Sensitivity – 100-300-500-1000 mA (Fire Protection)
• Low Sensitivity - 3-10-30 A (Protection of machines)
Residual Current Circuit Breakers with over current protection(RCBOs)
• Both Leakage current
and over current trip.
• Available in the range
16-40A (Main current)
and 30 to 300mA
leakage current trip.
• SPN & TPN versions.
Molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs)
• Available upto a rated
current of 2500 A.
• Suited for incoming and
• out going feeder circuits of DBs.
• Available both in thermal or
Thermal – magnetic operation.
• Adjustable trip current in
Larger ratings.
• Overload and SC Protection.
• For use in switch boards,
Control panels etc.
Estimation of load requirements
• If the actual wattages of the appliances and light points are not
known, the load requirements can be calculated as given below.(NEC-
2011)
Table: Recommended ratings of light & socket points (NEC -2011)
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Recommended number of points in dwelling units (NEC -2011)

The details given are the minimum requirements and the owner of the building is at liberty to
decide to opt for higher number of points in consultation with the design engineer so as to meet
the present and future anticipated loads.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Details of socket outlets required for domestic buildings (NEC -2011)

The details given are the minimum requirements and the owner of the building is at liberty to
decide to opt for higher number of points in consultation with the design engineer so as to meet
the present and future anticipated loads.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
• Total Installed apparent power = sum of kVA rating of individual loads.
• MD kVA need not be equal to the installed kVA.
• Because all loads may not operate simultaneously at full load.
• Hence a correction factor need to be applied to the installed capacity
to determine the maximum demand of the building.
• The two factors for this are
• Factor of maximum utilisation. - ku
• Factor of Simultaneity - ks
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Factor of maximum utilisation. - ku
• Loads normally operate at values lower than the rated load.
• For example – Motors.
• For getting a reliable estimate of the operating load , Factor of
maximum utilisation ku is applied.
Standard values of ku
Sl.No Load Type ku

1 Fluorescent Lighting 1.00

2 Water Heaters 1.00
3 Industrial loads (Motors) 0.75
4 Socket outlets Depends entirely on the type of apparatus being supplied
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Factor of Simultaneity - ks
• In an installation , all loads will not operate simultaneously.
• For the purpose of estimation, a suitable diversity factor need to be applied.
• Simultaneity factor is used to get an actual estimate of the operating load.
• The term diversity factor as defined in IEC is the same .
• In India Diversity factor = 1/ Simultaneity factor .(value greater than one).
• For domestic installations
• Diversity factor = 2.00 to 2.50 (on the assumption that only 40 to 50% of the connected
loads will be used simultaneously)
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

Example problem - 1

The floor plan of a 2 storied residential building is shown. Calculate the

number of light, fan socket and exhaust fan points required for the
building as per NEC norms. Also find out the type of supply required
and size of the distribution board.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

GROUND
FLOOR
PLAN
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

FIRST
FLOOR
PLAN
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
• 1 x 40 W = 40W Fluorescent Fixtures
• WB = Wall brackets with 11/15W CF Lamps.
• CF = Ceiling fans (1200mm or 1500 mm).
• 6A = 6A light socket points.
• 16/6A = 16/6A power socket points.
• EF = 220/300mm fresh air fans.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

Connected load calculations.

Room Space 1 x 40W WB CF 6A 16/6A EF Others

Connected 7 x 50 22 x 15 7 x 60 21 x 100 11 x 1000 4 x 60 3 x 15
Load - W

• Total Connected load = 14485W

• Needs 3 phase Supply (See next slide)
• Maximum Demand
(Assuming a diversity factor =2.5) = 14485/2.5 = 5794W
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)
Supply Voltage (V) Max Connected Load (kW/kVA) Max Contract Demand (kVA)
240, 1 Phase 5kW --
415, 3 Phase 100kVA --
11kV -- 3000
22/33kV -- 6000
66kV -- 8000
110 kV -- 20,000
220 kV -- >20,000

Table – Relation between connected load/contract demand and type of supply.

(Kerala Electricity supply Code - 2005)
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

Determination of the size of the distribution board

First calculate the number of light & power sub circuits (see slide 31).
Number of light points= Light+fan+6A Socket exhaust fan +other points.
= 7+22+7+21+4+3= 64 Points.
Power Points = 11 Points.
The number of light sub circuits = No of light points/6 = 64/6 = 11 Light Circuits.
(IS – 732 Specifies Max light points in a light circuit is 10 or Max connected load in
a light circuit is 800W. Selecting the number of light points between 6 and 8 is a
good engineering practice.)
The Number of power circuits = No of Power points/2 = 11/2 = 6 Power Circuits.
Total Number of sub circuits required = No of light circuits+ Power Circuits.
= 11+6= 17 Sub circuits.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd)

Specification of the distribution board.

1. 3 Phase DB Confirming to IS 8623 , Universal mounting type with
100 A copper Bus bar , Neutral bar, earth bar & cable ties for cable
management.
2. Top and bottom removable gland plates.
3. Provision for 4 pole RCD/MCB/Isolator as incoming & single pole
MCBs as out going.
4. Protection class – IP20(Single door) or IP 42 (Double door). (For IP
Explanation, see slide 39)
5. Incomer – 25A, 4 pole, RCBO, 415V, with 30mA sensitivity.
6. Out going – 6A SP MCB with B curve – 11 nos: 16 A SP MCB
with C curve – 6 Nos.
Estimation of load requirements (Contd) - Layout
BULK HEAD LAMPS
IP Class
• The IP Code, or Ingress Protection Code.
• IEC standard 60529.
• Classifies and rates the degree of protection provided by
mechanical casings and electrical enclosures against
intrusion, dust, accidental contact, and water.
• It is published by the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC). The equivalent European standard is EN
60529.
• The rating consists of the letters IP followed by two digits, the
higher the number the better the protection. Sometimes a number
is replaced by X, which indicates that the enclosure is not rated for
that specification
IP Class (Contd)
• IP65 = First Digit - Solids
• The first digit indicates the level of protection that the enclosure
provides against the ingress of solid foreign objects, from tools
or fingers that could be hazardous if they came into contact with
electrical conductors or moving parts, to airborne dirt and dust
that could damage circuitry.
• IP65 = Second Digit - Liquids
• The second digit defines the protection of the equipment inside
the enclosure against various forms of moisture (drips, sprays,
submersion etc).
 IP Class (Contd)
Second
First Digit Intrusion Protection Moisture Protection
Digit
0 No protection. 0 No protection.
Protected against solid objects over Protected against vertically falling drops of
1 50mm, e.g. accidental touch by 1 water, e.g. condensation.
hands.

2 Protected against solid objects over 2 Protected against direct sprays of water up
12mm, e.g. fingers. to 150 from the vertical.

3 Protected against solid objects over 3 Protected against direct sprays of water up
2.5mm, e.g. tools & wires. to 600 from the vertical.

Protected against solid objects over Protected against water splashed from all
4 4
1mm, e.g. wires & nails. directions, limited ingress permitted.

Protected against dust limited Protected against low pressure jets of

5 ingress, no harmful deposits. 5 water from all directions, limited ingress
permitted.

Protected against strong jets of water, e.g.

6 Totally protected against dust. 6 on ships deck, limited ingress permitted.
Example problem 2

• The floor plan of a five bed residential building is shown in figure.

Locate the light and other electrical points required for electrification
of the building as per NEC requirement. Find also the connected load
of the building and the type of supply required.
Example problem 2 (Contd)
Example problem 2 (Contd)
Example problem 2 (Contd)
Details of lights, fans and socket points
Example problem 2 (Contd)
Total connected Load

Room 1x40W WB CF 6A 16/6A EF Others

Space
Connected load 9x50 26x15 9x60 29x100 13x1000 5x60 5x15
-W

Total connected Load – 17655W

Maximum Demand (Assuming Diversity factor of 2.5) =
17655/2.5 = 7062W
As per the connected load , the supply should be 3 Phase.
 Determination of the size of the distribution board

• First we need to calculate the light & power sub circuits.

• From slide 45, The number of light points =Light +fan +6A socket+
Exhaust fan +other point.
= 9+26+9+29+5+5 = 83 Points
• Similarly, Power points = 13 Points.
• The number of light sub circuits = No. of Light points/6
= 83/6 = 14 Light Circuits.
(IS – 732 Specifies Max light points in a light circuit is 10 or Max
connected load in a light circuit is 800W. Selecting the number of light
points between 6 and 8 is a good engineering practice.)
No of power sub circuits = No. of Power points/2
=13/2 = 7 power circuits
Total number of sub circuits required = 14+7 = 21 Sub circuits.
Specification of the distribution board.
1. 3 Phase 8 way DB is required. ( 21 circuits can be connected.
Remaining 3 for future expansion)
2. 3 Phase DB Confirming to IS 8623 , Universal mounting type with
100 A copper Bus bar , Neutral bar, earth bar & cable ties for cable
management.
3. Top and bottom removable gland plates.
4. Provision for 4 pole RCD/MCB/Isolator as incoming & single pole
MCBs as out going.
5. Protection class – IP20(Single door) or IP 42 (Double door). (For IP
Explanation, see slide 39)
6. Incomer – 40A, 4 pole, RCBO, 415V, with 30mA sensitivity.
7. Out going – 6A SP MCB with B curve – 14 nos: 16 A SP MCB
with C curve – 7 Nos.
 Different Types of distribution boards available
Type description No of Protection Number No of MCB
Phases class of ways modules

Consumer units confirming to IS-8623, Universal Single Phase IP20 & IP42 4 4+4
mounting with 100 A Copper bus bar , neutral bar, with 8 4+8
earth bus, cable ties and removable gland plates at metallic or 12 4+12
top & bottom. Provision for double pole acrylic
RCD/MCB/Isolator as incoming & single pole MCB as door.
out going.

Regular DBs confirming to IS-8623 with 100 A bus Single Phase IP20 4 4
bars, neutral & earth bars. 8 8
12 12
Flush mounting DBs confirming to IS-8623 and with Single Phase IP20 4 2+4
reversible pan assembly for top & bottom cable 8 2+8
entry , masking sheet for protection against entry of
concrete, and with provision for double pole 12 2+12
RCCB/MCB/isolator as incomer and MCBs as
outgoing.
PAN Assembly – 12 way TP+E & N
 Different Types of distribution boards available (Contd)
Type description No of Protection Number No of
Phases class of ways MCB
modules

Consumer Units confirming to IS 8623,Universal mounting with Three IP20 & IP42 3x3 6+9
100A copper bus bar, neutral bar, earth bus, cable ties & Phase with metallic or
removable gland plates at top & bottom. Provision for 4 pole acrylic door.
RCCB as incoming & 3 Single pole MCBs a outgoing.

ETPN DBs confirming to IS-8623 , Universal mounting with 100A Three IP20 & IP42 4 8+12
copper bus bar, neutral bar, earth bus, cable ties & removable Phase with metallic or 6 8+18
gland plates at top & bottom with knock outs & suitable for acrylic door. 8 8+24
fixing four pole RCD/MCB/isolator as incoming and single pole 12 8+36
MCB as outgoing

Per Phase isolation DBs. Confirming to IS8623 , Universal Three IP20 & IP42 4 8+12
mounting with 100A copper bus bar, neutral bar, earth bus, Phase with metallic or 6 8+18
cable ties & removable gland plates at top & bottom with knock acrylic door. 8 8+24
outs & suitable for fixing four pole RCD/MCB/isolator as 12 8+36
incoming . 3 DP RCD/MCB/Isolator as sub incomer & single pole
MCB as outgoing with separate neutral bars.
Per Phase isolation DBs.
 Different Types of distribution boards available (Contd)
Type description No of Protection Number No of
Phases class of ways MCB
modules
Phase Selector DBs as per IS-8623, Universal mounting with 100 Three IP20 & IP42 4 6+12
A Copper bus bar , neutral bar, earth bus, cable ties and Phase with metallic 6 6+18
removable gland plates at top & bottom with provision for 3 Nos door. 8 6+24
of 63 A selector Switches, 3 Nos of Piano type indicating lamp 12 6+36
switch, 4 Pole RCD/MCB/Isolator as incoming and SP MCBs as
out going
Seven segment DBs confirming to IS-8623 , with 100A copper Three IP20 & IP42 4 4+12+12
bus bar, neutral bar, earth bar, top & bottom removable gland Phase with metallic 6 4+12+18
plates with provision for fixing four pole RCD/MCB/isolator as door. 8 4+12+24
incoming ,DP RCDs/MCBs/isolator as sub incomer & SP MCBs as 12 4+12+36
outgoing .(These DBs provide Phase segregation & separation
between incomer & outgoing)
VTPN DBs as per to IS-8623 , with 200A copper bus bar, neutral Three IP20 & IP42 4 8+12
bar, earth bar, top & bottom removable gland plates with Phase with metallic or 8 8+24
provision for fixing four pole RCD or RCBO/MCB/isolator as acrylic door. 12 8+36
incoming and SP/TP MCBs as outgoing(The advantage of this DB
is that both single & 3 Phase outgoings can be taken from this
DB)
Phase Selector DBs
Seven segment DBs
VTPN DBs
Types of wiring systems
PVC Insulated & PVC sheathed wires on teak wood batten.
Economical -Old type wiring system – For low cost housing- Can
be taken up after the completion of the building structure work.
PVC insulated wires in steel /PVC surface conduits.
Functional & easy to maintain – Suited for shop floors and industries. – Can be
taken up after the completion of the building structure work.

PVC insulated wires in concealed conduits.

Good Aesthetics – Need to be carried out along with the building construction –
Used for modern residential buildings.
PVC Insulated & PVC sheathed wires on teak wood batten.
General rules applicable for conduit wiring using rigid PVC conduits.
1. Only rigid PVC conduits shall be used for wiring.
2. The conduits may be either threaded type or pasted type.
3. Conductors of different supply systems shall not be
bunched in the same conduit.
4. Phase segregation in separate conduits is recommended
for lighting and small power applications.
5. The number of insulated wires inside a conduit shall be as
shown in the next slide
 Max permissible number of 1.1kV grade cables in
metallic conduits.
Size of cable Size of conduits - mm
in mm2 20 25 32 40 50

1 7 13 20
1.5 6 10 14
2.5 5 6 10 14
4 3 6 10 11
6 2 5 9 11
10 4 7 9
16 2 4 4 12
25 2 2 6
 General rules applicable for conduit wiring using rigid PVC conduits. (Contd)
6. Conduits interconnection – Threaded or pasted as the case may be.
7. For long straight runs, inspection type of couplers should be used at regular intervals.
8. Conduits shall be separated by saddles with a minimum spacing of 600 mm.
9. Necessary conduit specials like bend, inspection bend, elbow & T’s shall be used
wherever appropriate.
10. Concealed wiring- Chase in the walls should be of correct size to lay the conduits
correctly. If the building is under construction, the chase shall be made before
plastering of the walls.
11. Conduits in ceiling shall be laid while concreting the ceiling slabs.
12. Inspection box – For periodical inspection and for removal of wires if necessary.
Minimum size – 75x75 mm.
13. Switch, socket, ceiling rose etc – Either surface type or flush type.
14. All flush mounting outlets shall be made of mild steel or aluminium boxes with a
cover plate of insulating material and with provision for earthing.
Selection of Conductor size (IS 732)
1. Should be PVC insulated copper or aluminium.
2. Light & Fan circuit – should not be less than1.00 Sq mm or 1.5 Sq mm.
3. Power Circuit - should not be less than2.5 Sq mm copper or 4 Sqmm
Aluminium.
4. Minimum cross section of flexible cords – 0.5 Sqmm Copper.
Selection of Conductor size (IS 732)
Flexible house wiring single core cables (copper conductor –
240/415V)
Selection of Conductor size (IS 732)
Selection of Conductor size (IS 732)
Typical schedule of quantities for the electrical installations of a residential building.
Typical schedule of quantities for the electrical installations of a residential building. (Contd)
Typical schedule of quantities for the electrical installations of a residential building. (Contd)