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Stages of Philippine Literature

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史朗Ezequiel
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10 views

Stages of Philippine Literature

Uploaded by

史朗Ezequiel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAGES OF

PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
I. PRE-COLONIAL/SPANISH PERIOD
(--BC TO 1564)
Historical Background:

 First period of Philippine literary history and is known to be the longest.


Filipino just often lose sight of this fact because circumstances of our history
had forced us to begin counting years of our history from 1521.This is because
of the first written records by Westerners referring the archipelago which was
later called “LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS.

 However, the discovery of the Tabon Man in a cave in Palawan in 1962 altered
this historical claim, and allowed us to speak a prehistory that goes far back in
time as 50,000 years ago.
 The discovery in Palawan proves that Filipinos:
a. knew the use of gold and textiles
b. how to smelt iron and make glass
c. spoke a language or languages from which all modern Filipino
tongues are derived.

 Furthermore, from accounts by chroniclers during the early years of the


Spanish conquest, it was stated that early Filipinos:

a. lived in villages frequently found in riverbanks and sea coasts


- because it was closed to sources of food and the most
convenient transportation routes.
b. were fishermen, jungle farmers and hunters
c. versatile at finding their livelihood
 Lastly, describing the extent of cultural development of early Filipinos on the eve of
Colonization, historian William Henry Scott said that Filipinos:
a. were wearing bark and woven cloth
b. gold, bronze, stone and shell hair ornaments
c. earrings, pectoral disks, bracelets, finger rings, and imported beads
d. mined and worked gold for jewelry and iron for tools and weapons
e. blackened or chipped their teeth and decorated them with gold
d. had been chewing betel nut for 3,000 years
e. owned tens of thousands of valuable Chinese porcelain jars and plates but cooked in
a type of local pot.
f. deformed skulls, removed them, preserved them and buried their dead supine. They
prone or flexed them in caves, graves, jars, or coffins, and disinterred them, reburied and
venerated their bones.
WHAT DO THESE
DISCOVERIES PROVE?
 Through these studies, much can be reliably inferred about precolonial
Philippine literature:
a. There are Filipinos who are already living thousand years prior
Spanish Colonization.
b. There are existing cultural developments prior the Spanish
Colonization from basic way of wearing clothes to burying people.
c. There is an existing economic system as shown by their forms of
livelihood.
d. There is an existing way of life that has been obscured by the intrusion
of a foreign culture.
Characteristics 1.Based on oral traditions 2.Crude on ideology and phraseology

Literary Forms (Oral Literature)


a. Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits
b. Legends
c. Salawikain- wise sayings that contain a metaphor h. Superstitious belief
d. Tanaga - a mono-riming hepta syllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons
in life
e. Folk Songs It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and
aspirations, the people's lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often
repetitive and sonorous, didactic.
f. Maxims
g. Epics-long narrative poetry
 As literary works created in the setting of a society where the resources for
economic subsistence – land, water and forest – were communally owned, the
oral literature of the precolonial Filipinos bore the marks of the community.

 The subject matter of the oral literature like riddles, proverbs and songs, was
the common experience of the people constituting a village – food gathering,
creatures and objects of nature, work in the home, field, forest or sea, caring
for children etc.

 The audience during this time was presumed to know the situations, activities,
and objects mentioned in the course of expressing these oral literature. Thus,
oral literature made by the speakers were not foreign to the audience.
WHAT DO THESE ORAL
LITERARY FORMS PROVE?

That these Filipinos, variously referred to as “natives”, “ethnic minorities”,


“tribal Filipinos,” etc., have been able to preserve for us epics, tales, songs,
riddles and proverbs that are now our windows to a past with no written records
we can study.
II. SPANISH COLONIZATION
PERIOD (1565 – 1898)
Characteristics: Religious and Secular
-It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication.

Literary Forms
1. Religious Literature - Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and
Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language.
a. Pasyon – long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ. The most popular was
“Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panignoon Natin” by Aguino de Belen
b.Senakulo – dramatization of the pasyon, it shows the passion and death of Christ
2. Secular (non-religious) Literature
a. Awit - colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting.
Example: Ibong Adarna
b. Korido – metrical tale written in octo syllabic quatrains
Example: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar
III. PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT/ PROPAGANDA
AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD (1872 – 1898)
Characteristics: Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos
- Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
Literary Forms
1. Propaganda Literature - Reformatory in objective (Illustrados did not fight for freedom, they fight for
equality.)
a. Political Essays – satires, editorials and news articles were written to attack and expose the evils of
Spanish rule
Ex. i. Diariong Tagalog – founded by Marcelo del Pilar
ii. La Solidaridad – whose editor-in-chief is Graciano Lopez-Jaena
iii. Political Novels:
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
– Jose Rizal’s masterpieces that paved the way to the revolution
2. Revolutionary Literature – more propagandistic than literary as it is more violent in nature and demanded
complete independence for the country.
a. Political Essays – helped inflame the spirit of revolution.
Example: Kalayaan – newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto
IV. AMERICAN COLONIAL
PERIOD (1898 – 1941)
Characteristics: Americans taught Filipinos to teach their fellow Filipinos.
Period of Apprenticeship (1910-1930)

1. Filipino Writers imitated English and American models


2. Poems -- written were amateurish and mushy, which phrasing and diction is awkward and
artificial.

a. Short Stories
i. Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benitez
ii. The Key – Paz Latorena
iii. Footnote to Youth – Jose Garcia Villa
b. Novels
i. Childe of Sorrow – first novel in English, by Zoilo Galang
V. JAPANESE PERIOD (1941 -
1945)
Characteristics:
1. Tagalog poets broke away from the Balagtas tradition and instead wrote in simple language and free verse.
2. Fiction prevailed over poetry a. 25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino (1943) – compilation of the
short story contest by the military government.
Suyuan sa Tubigan – Macario Pineda Lupang Tinubuan –
Narciso Reyes Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway Arceo

B.Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960)


3. Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay
4. Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves with diverse techniques
5. Literary “giants” appeared
a. Palanca Awards for Literature
i. Jose Garcia Villa ii.Nick Joaquin iii.NVM Gonzales iv. Bienvenido Santos v. Gregorio Brillantes vi. Gilda
Cordero Fernando
b. National Artist Awards
i. Jose Garcia Villa ii. Nick Joaquian
VI. THE REBIRTH OF
FREEDOM (1946-1970)
Characteristics: The new count of freedom. (Democracy and Republic)
Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in
the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the
Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits.
VII. THE PERIOD OF
ACTIVISM (1970-1972)
Characteristics: Marxist ideas are now spreading.
The Literary Revolution

 The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven
not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but also
in literature.
 Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers
developed awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red
paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).
VIII. PERIOD OF NEW
SOCIETY (1972-1980)
Characteristics: Filipinos are disciplined.

1. Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights, including freedom of the
press.
2. Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message, at the
face of heavy censorship Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as
the PETA (Phil. Educational Theater Association) and UP Theater.
IX. PERIOD OF THIRD
REPUBLIC (1981-1985)
Characteristics: A historian called this the Third Republic. The First Republic
he claimed was during the Philippine Republic of Emilio Aguinaldo when we
first got our independence from the Spaniards on June 12, 1898.
The Second was when the Americans granted us our independence on July 4,
1946. This period, January 2, 1981, was the Third Republic when we were freed
from Military Rule.

1. Poems during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and
revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government.

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