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Lecture 31 - Chapter 22 Part 4

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8 views

Lecture 31 - Chapter 22 Part 4

Uploaded by

Mircea Pantea
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introductory Physics II

PHYS 1310

Lecture 31 – Chapter 22 part 4


Inductance and Transformers

Friday, April 5
Outline – Chapter 22
• Electromagnetic induction – experiments
• Motional EMF
• Magnetic flux and Faraday’s law of induction
• Lenz’s law
• Electric generators
• The inductance of a coil and mutual inductance
• Transformers
Mutual induction and mutual inductance

Variable
Induced EMF
magnetic flux

• The variable flux can be produced by


the current in a coil (solenoid).
• This is how Faraday did it in some of
his experiments.
• But Faraday did not have AC sources.
• So, he had to move one coil or to turn it
on and off by a switch.

What if we connect one Variable magnetic field without the need


coil to an AC source? for motion or manual switching!
Mutual induction and mutual inductance

The changing current in the primary


coil creates a changing magnetic flux
through the secondary coil, which
leads to an induced emf (Einduced)
in the secondary coil.

The effect in called mutual


induction.

ΔIp M – mutual inductance (remember


E𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 =− 𝑀 “capacitance”, “resistance”)
Δ𝑡 Unit: H (Henry)

M depends on the geometry of the coils and the number of turns (N p and Ns).
Self-induction and self-inductance
• The changing current in the “primary”
coil creates a changing magnetic flux
through the primary coil itself.
• This leads to an induced emf in the
primary coil as well.
• This effect is referred to as self
induction.

Δ𝐼 L –Inductance (or self-inductance)


E𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 =− 𝐿 Unit: H (Henry)
Δ𝑡

L depends on the geometry of the coils and the number of turns.


Example: solenoid – can be calculated easily.
Consequences of the self-induction
• The induced EMF is opposite to the EMF of the source.
• The AC current through the coil is less than the current produced by
a DC source with the same EMF.
• It looks like the resistance of the coil is higher in AC (this extra
resistance is called “reactance”).
• It is frequency dependent.

• The coils of generators have self-inductance too.


• The induced EMF is called “back-EMF”.
• It acts like the internal resistance of a battery: reduces the output
voltage when a load is connected to the generator.
Transformers

• Used to increase or decrease the voltage provided by a source of AC.


• It does not work for DC! (don’t connect a transformer to a DC source)

• The current in the primary coil produces a magnetic flux in the iron core.
• Same flux is going through the secondary coil.
• The changing flux induces EMFs in both coils.
Transformers
Δ𝜙 Faraday law of induction for a coil, in
E𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 =− 𝑁
Δ𝑡 general.

Δ𝜙 Same flux (same )


E 𝑃 =− 𝑁 𝑃
Δ𝑡
E𝑝 𝑁 𝑃
=
Δ𝜙 E𝑆 𝑁 𝑆
E 𝑆=− 𝑁 𝑆
Δ𝑡

is very close to the voltage of the source and is very close to the output
voltage of the transformer.
V𝑝 𝑁 𝑃
=
V𝑆 𝑁 𝑆

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