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Design of Analog To Digital Converter To Acquire

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KingHassan Nawaz
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39 views

Design of Analog To Digital Converter To Acquire

Uploaded by

KingHassan Nawaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

for Sensor Applications

Group Members
Asma Shakir EE-1510
Taha Hussain
INTRODUCTION

•Problem Statement:
The aim of this project is to design a Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
tailored for sensor applications, ensuring accurate and efficient
conversion of analog signals into digital data. The ADC serves as a
crucial interface between the physical world and digital processing
systems, enabling precise measurement and analysis of various sensor
inputs such as temperature, pressure, light, and sound.
challenges
1. Resolution: Develop an ADC with high resolution to accurately capture and digitize small variations in sensor signals,
ensuring minimal loss of information during conversion. The resolution must meet the requirements of the targeted sensor
applications, balancing precision with the complexity and cost of the ADC design.

2. Linearity and Accuracy: Achieve high linearity and accuracy across the entire input range of the ADC to minimize
quantization errors and distortion in the digitized output. Precise calibration techniques and circuit optimizations are essential
to maintain accuracy, especially in critical sensor measurements.

3. Speed and Sampling Rate: Design the ADC to operate at an optimal sampling rate compatible with the sensor signals'
bandwidth and dynamics. Balancing speed with power consumption and circuit complexity is crucial to ensure efficient data
acquisition without compromising accuracy or reliability.

4. Noise and Signal Integrity: Implement noise reduction techniques and signal conditioning circuitry to minimize interference
and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the ADC. Shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and designing
robust analog front-end circuits are essential to preserve signal integrity in noisy environments.
Continue
1) Application: Temperature upto 100 degree measurement
(2) Sensor: LM35
3 pin analog thermometer.
Range :55degree -150 degree
resolution : 10mv
accuracy ; 10.0mv/ degree
vin= 4v- 30v
FLASH CONVERTERS
the flash architecture (illustrated in Figure 2) is quite straightforward: a set of 2n–1 comparators is used to
directly measure an analog signal to a resolution of n bits.
PIPELINED ARCHITECTURE
The pipelined (or pipelined-flash) architecture effectively overcomes the limitations of the flash
architecture. A pipelined converter divides the conversion task into several consecutive stages. Each
of these stages, as shown in Figure 3, consists of a sample-andhold circuit, an m-bit ADC (e.g., a
flash converter), and an m-bit D/A converter (DAC). First the sample and hold circuit of the first
stage acquires the signal.
SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS
The successive-approximations architecture can be thought of as being orthogonal to the flash architecture.
While a flash converter uses many comparators to convert in a single cycle; a SAR converter, shown in Figure 4,
conceptually uses a single comparator over many cycles to make its conversion.
SIGMA-DELTA
•The sigma-delta architecture takes a fundamentally different approach than those outlined above. In its most
basic form, a sigmadelta converter consists of an integrator, a comparator, and a singlebit DAC, as shown in
Figure 5. The output of the DAC is subtracted from the input signal.

4) Design ADC:
selected SAR ADC
Continue
 LM35 temperature sensor
 Celicus has a resolution of 10 mV
 each degree corresponds to 10 mv
 we are taking ( Vref/ v resolution)
 5000mv/ 10mv = 500
 No of bits required
 2^n = 500
 Since
 2^8= 256 (not enough)
 2^9= 512 ( enough generally doesn’t exist )
 2^10= 1024 ( common to use to ensure full range of sensor sensor is covered any without loss of
information .
• It will require us 255 comparators to built a 8-bit ADC
Components:
 Sample-and-Hold (S/H): This circuit captures the analog input voltage at a specific instance and holds it
constant for the conversion process.
 Voltage Comparator: This circuit compares two analog voltages (input voltage from S/H and output voltage
from DAC) and outputs a digital signal indicating which voltage is higher.
 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC): This circuit takes a digital code (from the SAR) and converts it back into an
analog voltage. In a SAR ADC, the DAC is typically implemented using resistors with binary weightings.
 Successive Approximation Register (SAR): This is a digital register that stores the approximation of the analog
input voltage during the conversion process. It's controlled by the control logic.
 Control Logic: This digital circuit implements the successive approximation algorithm. It sets the bits in the
SAR, sends the code to the DAC, reads the comparator output, and updates the SAR based on the
comparison.
 Both SAR and Flash ADCs require a reference voltage source.
 SAR ADCs are slower than Flash ADCs but require fewer components.
 Flash ADCs are faster but have higher complexity and power consumption.
Advantages/Disadvantages:

Advantages:
Requires fewer components compared to an ADC using op-amps.
Offers a good trade-off between conversion speed and power consumption.
Scalable to higher resolutions with more bits in the SAR and DAC.
Disadvantages:
Conversion speed is slower than Flash ADCs.
Requires accurate resistor values for precise conversion
THANK
YOU

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