Body & Conclusion

Paragraph
David Hutagalung
&
William Ezra Kambey
 What Is a Body Paragraph?
Body paragraphs are units of text that offer supporting
evidence to back up the thesis statement of an essay,
report, or story. A good body paragraph contains three
main sections: a topic sentence (or key sentence),
relevant supporting sentences, and a closing (or
transition) sentence.
 What Are the Components of a Body Paragraph?
1. topic sentence: A topic 2. Supporting sentences: Body 3. concluding sentence: Even
sentence, or key sentence, paragraphs contain information that if it’s not at the end of the
is the first sentence of allows you to back up your claims with piece, a conclusive sentence
your paragraph that supporting points, examples, research, can refer to the last line of its
prepares your audience statistics, studies, and text citations. own paragraph, which
for the information to After the topic sentence, the rest of the concludes a particular idea or
come. Each body paragraph should contain supporting train of thought before
paragraph should have its sentences that further back up your moving on to start a new line
own topic sentence main idea. You should fill the main for the next paragraph. At
outlining the ensuing body of the essay with a mixture of the end of each paragraph,
ideas. Topic sentences are substance and analysis. Therefore, you briefly summarize the
especially useful for body must support the main points of your information you mentioned
paragraphs that pivot to analysis with textual evidence taken before moving on to the next
new information. from both primary and secondary section.
sources.
 Topic Sentence
• clearly supports the thesis statement.
• is usually at the beginning of a body paragraph.
• controls the content of all of the supporting sentences in its paragraph.
• is a complete sentence.
• does not announce the topic (I’m going to talk about exercise.).
• should not be too general (Exercise is good.).
• should not be too specific (Exercise decreases the chance of developing
diabetes, heart disease, asthma, osteoporosis, depression, and anxiety.).
 Supporting Sentences
Topic Sentence :

Exercise improves you mental health.

Supporting Sentences :

Exercise is the healthiest way to deal with stress.

Exercise can influence the balance of chemicals in our bodies.
Exercise also helps us think more clearly
 Concluding Sentence
Restatement of topic sentence
Because it makes your body healthier, exercise is extremely important.

Opinion
These health benefits show that exercise is not a waste of time.

Prediction
When people see these health benefits, they will want to exercise more.

Advice
Everyone should exercise regularly to obtain these amazing health benefits
 Example
In addition to impeding social development, excessive cellphone use can contribute to
a range of mental health disorders. For example, Jean M. Twinge et al., a team of
psychology researchers from San Diego State and Florida State Universities, conclude
that increased screen time in adolescents is associated with a higher risk of depressive
symptoms when compared to those engaged in nonscreen activities. Moreover, in the
same study, the authors report that “adolescents using devices 5 or more hours a day
(vs. 1 hour) were 66% more likely to have at least one suicide-related outcome”.
Teenagers and young adults are not only more likely to engage in problematic use or
overuse of cellphones, but because they are still maturing cognitively, they are
especially vulnerable to the psychological repercussions.
Blueish Green?? : Topic
Red : supporting
 What is a conclusion paragraph?
Conclusion paragraph is the last paragraph in an
academic paper. Its purpose is to summarize and
conclude the previous findings of the paper in a
concise format. Conclusions are often considered to
be the most difficult part of an essay to write.
However, they’re also one of the most important
aspects of a paper, as they provide clarity and insight
into the topic.
 How to write a conclusion paragraph?
1. Restate the thesis 2. Reiterate 3. Make a 4. Provide some
supporting points connection Insight
An effective between opening
conclusion brings the Aside from restating and closing Your conclusion
reader back to the main your thesis, you statements should leave the
point, reminding the should also reiterate It's often effective reader with a
reader of the purpose the points that you to return to the solution, an insight,
of the essay. made to support it introduction's questions for
throughout the paper. themes, giving the further study or a
reader a strong call to action.
sense of
conclusion.
 Types of conclusion paragraph
• Summarization: This style is • Editorialization: This style • Externalization: Frequently
often used when writing about incorporates the writer's used in essays that approach a
technical subjects with a more commentary about the particular issue that is a part of a
clinical tone, such as surveys, subject matter and often much more complex subject, an
definitions and reports. Because it expresses their personal externalized conclusion provides a
paraphrases the major ideas of the investment in the issue being transition into a related but
essay, it is most often used in discussed. This type of separate topic that leads readers to
longer pieces where readers will conclusion will use an further develop the discussion. In
need a reminder of the essay's anecdote and a fact, it's often thought of as a new
main points. As such, it should conversational tone to draw introduction that includes another
avoid reflexive references or attention to concerns, thesis entirely, allowing for
subjective ideas (like "in my interpretations, personal development into another
opinion" or "I feel"). beliefs, politics or feelings. potential essay.
 What are a few things to avoid when writing the
conclusion paragraph?
• Avoid introducing the thesis, new ideas or evidence for the first time. If
new points are made in your conclusion, take them out and try to
incorporate them into one of the body paragraphs in your essay.
• Make sure you are using a tone that is consistent with the rest of the
paper.
• Beginning the conclusion with phrases like "in closing," "in summary"
or "in conclusion" is somewhat redundant and unnecessary, so avoid
using them.
 What to include in a conclusion paragraph?

• End the essay on a positive note

• Communicate the importance of your ideas and the subject matter
• Provide the reader with a sense of closure
• Reiterate and summarize your main points
• Rephrase and then restate your thesis statement
 Conclusion outline
Topic sentence/Restate thesis (1)
This is where you repeat your thesis statement. Make sure it is rephrased to avoid redundancy.

Summary of main points/ general conclusions (2)

Paraphrase the major points and arguments that you made throughout the paper.
Explain the significance of the ideas and how they all connect.

Closing sentence/ final comment (3)

This is where you connect back to a point, image or anecdote that was made in the introductory
paragraph.
It is your final word on the subject and gives the reader a sense of closure.
 Example of an conclusion paragraph
Example 1

"Though there has been much debate on the subject, it is clear that democratic
leadership is the best form of management for the modern workplace. This is made
evident by the fact that over the course of the last century, employees have become
increasingly more educated and competent. Additionally, there is a growing
emphasis on independence, creativity and free thought, meaning that team members
are realizing that they have something worthwhile to contribute that could provide a
meaningful perspective. It is because of these reasons that democratic leadership,
where input and conflicting opinions are welcome, should be adopted in a majority
of organizations."
Example 2
THANK YOU
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