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Animal Kingdom en

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Animal Kingdom en

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Topic 2: Kingdom Animalia

Animals

 Eukaryotes, pluricellulars
 Heterotrophs
 They move, at least, at some point of
their life cycle
 Reprodution: sexual. In some cases,
asexual (annelids, echinoderms..)
 Trophic chain: consumers
Phylogenetic tree of the main animal phyla
Chordate
Arthropods Echinoderm
Annelids

Mollusca

Plathelminthe
s Nematodes

Cnidaria
Protostome
Sponges s
Deuterostomes
Fake coelom
Without cavity Coelom
(flat)
With body cavity
Radial
Bilateral
Without With
tissues tissues
Common
ancestor
Radial and Bilateral symmetry
1. Animals without well-differentiated tissues:
Phylum Porifera (sponges)
2. Animals with tissues and radial symmetry:
Phylum Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, coral, etc.)
Gastrovascula
POLIP r cavity
Tentacles
mouth
ectoderm
endoderm

Gastrovascula mouth
r cavity Tentacles
JELLYFIS
H
3. Animals with tissues and bilateral symmetry:

3.1. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flat worms)


They can be either a free living organism or a
parasite. They do not have a body cavity

Planaria Taenia
. Phylum Nematoda (round worms)

ost ones are microscopic and decomposers of the organic


tter. They also are parasites of animals and plants
hey have a body cavity filled of a liquid. However, they have
piratory and circulatory neither
3.3. Phylum Mollusca
They are the following ones to arthropods regarding
diversity of species. They have a humid muscular body.
Some of them protect their body with a shell made up of
calcium carbonate.

They are divided into:


- Gastropods (snails, slugs, etc.)
- Bivalvia (clams, mussels, etc.)
- Cephalopoda (octopus, squid, etc.)
3.4. Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)

- Their body is divided into different repeated segments.


- Their circulatory system is closed with vessels and hearts.

Earthworm
Pharynx Stomach Intestine

Mouth Esophagus Gizzard Anus

Bristle worm
Phylum Arthropoda

Insects
They are divided into: Arachnids
- Insects

- Arachnids

- Crustacean

- Myriapoda
Crustacean
Myriapoda
3.5. Phylum Arthropoda
They are the prevailing animals on the planet (~90%).
There are about 1 million of this phylum however it is
estimated to around 9 million
The sucess of arthropods is mainly based on:

- Exoskeleton: external skeleton that contains the animal body acting as


an armor. It is used as protection against predators and desiccation. They
have to shed regularly.

- Segmentation. Specialized parts in different functions.

- Circulatory system opened and well-developed

- Trachea, gills or lungs

- A good sensory and nervous systems


3.6. Phylum echinodermata
They only live in marine environments. They have bulges
or bones that protrude above the skin. Their bilateral
symmetry is expressed only in embryos. Adults have
radial symmetry
3.7. Phylum Chordata

All invertebrate and vertebrate chordata share:

- Notochord: a rigid cylinder but flexible that is extended


throughout the body and provides attachment points for
muscles.
- Dorsal Nerve cord (regarding the digestive tract) and in
the front part is turned to the cerebrum.
- Pharyngeal slits openings that connect mouth with the
throat
- Post-anal tail an extensión of the body beyond the anus.
It helps in locomotion
Non-vertebrate
chordates
Amphioxus
(cephalochordat
a)
Vertebrate chordates
Tunicates Their bodies are made up of They are marked by

(urochordata) Head Trunk Extremiti Backbone


es They are classified into

BIRDS FISH AMPHIBIA REPTILES


MAMMALS
NS

Have feathers Have scales Have naked and Have scales


Have fur
Have wings Have fins wet skin Have lungs
Have lungs
Have lungs Have gills Have lungs Are oviparous
Are viviparous
Are oviparous Are oviparous Are oviparous

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