Scribd
Upload
19 views

L2 - GS 504 Research Problem and Hypothesis

The document discusses the scientific method for research, including empiricism, determinism, and skepticism. It outlines the steps of the scientific method including choosing a question, identifying a hypothesis, making testable predictions, designing an experiment, collecting data, analyzing results, and determining if results support the hypothesis. It then gives an example of applying the scientific method to study the relationship between cleavage formation and folding.

Uploaded by

md shohagul islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views

L2 - GS 504 Research Problem and Hypothesis

The document discusses the scientific method for research, including empiricism, determinism, and skepticism. It outlines the steps of the scientific method including choosing a question, identifying a hypothesis, making testable predictions, designing an experiment, collecting data, analyzing results, and determining if results support the hypothesis. It then gives an example of applying the scientific method to study the relationship between cleavage formation and folding.

Uploaded by

md shohagul islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Scientific Method for Research

Empiricism: The notion that enquiry is conducted through observation and


knowledge verified through evidence.

Determinism: The notion that events occur according to regular laws and
causes. The goal of research is to discover these.

Skepticism: The notion that any proposition is open to analysis and critique.
Scientific Method for Research

1. Choose a question to investigate


2. Identify a hypothesis related to the question
3. Make testable predictions in the hypothesis
4. Design an experiment to answer hypothesis question
5. Collect data in experiment
6. Determine results and assess their validity
7. Determine if results support or refute your hypothesis
Scientific Method for Research…

1. Suspicion that a factor (variable) may influence the occurrence of


structure or a noted deformation patterns

- Observations in the field


- Examination of deformation patterns
- Do small structures have higher or lower rates of occurrence?
- Are deformation rates increased in the presence of certain factors?
- Observations in laboratory research
- Theoretical speculation
Scientific Method for Research…

2. Identify variables you are interested in:


• Structures - (shape, attitude, spatial relationship
lithology, layer thickness)
• Deformation patterns - (small-scale structures)

3. Formulate a specific hypothesis


- Frame a hypothesis that seeks to answer a specific question about
the relationship between a variable and a deformation patterns
Basic Question in Research

Are the cleavages form in folding or post folding?

Is there an association between them?

Cleavage Cleavage/Folding

5
Next Step: Design Study

• Study Designs …(not exhaustive)


– Field observations
– Outcrop-scale measurement
– Oriented sample and micro-scale measurement
– Relationship buildup in terms of orientation
– Laboratory experiment and simulation

6
Association
• From the results of your study, does a statistical relationship exist between
two or more events, characteristics, or other variables.

• Is there a statistical relationship, or association, between cleavage and fold


orientation?

7
Statistical Association

The degree to which the rate of cleavage or schistosity in a formation with a


specific orientation is either higher or lower than the rate of cleavage or
schistosity in other formations with or without having same orientations.

You might also like