PRACTICAL

RESEARCH 1
RESEARCH
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
RESEARCH
Prepared by: Kent D. Albarico, LPT
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 1
RESEARCH
Chapter 1: Introduction
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Statement of Scope and

the Problem Delimitation

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Background Significance Definition of
of the Study of the Study Terms
 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
It contains information about a problem that merits attentive
study and the corresponding justification why it should be done.
The most used model to facilitate writing is the deficiency model
with the following parts:
1. Teaser 5. Specific Area that has not been
2. Self-Disclosure addressed by the body of literature
3. Research Problem 6. Importance of the Study
4. Body of Literature 7. Purpose Statement

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 BACKGROUND OF THE
1. Teaser - GrabsSTUDY
the attention of the readers, gets readers’ interests
2. Self-Disclosure - Serves as an anchor for reflection to prevent biases
3. Research Problem - Explicitly identifies the perceived concern mentioned in the teaser
4. Body of Literature - Gives general feel, status, and direction of the problem without
necessarily going into details. Choose literature that are current and widely
cited by the others.
5. Specific Area that has not - Areas that have been deficiently treated, studied, or totally missed out.
been addressed by the body of Deficiencies could be in a form of a variable that is rarely given emphasis,
concerns with methodology, and those that are mentioned in
literature recommendations or limitations of a study
6. Importance of the Study - Contribution/How the current study will address the deficiencies
7. Purpose Statement - Makes it clear to the reader what the study is about as well as it
connects to the next part of the paper

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 Coping Strategies of Mothers with a Child
Introductory Statement
with Special Needs
Care of a mother never ceases. It thrives especially during the most
Teaser
difficult situations. This is often seen among mothers with children with
Self-Disclosure special needs. As a teacher of special Education, I am witness of the care that
mothers give to their children with special needs. The sacrifices they make go
beyond telling. A possible good paying career is set aside to ensure that the
child is taken care of and prepared for possible independent life on the nature.
It is truly commendable how a mother can keep back her own personal
happiness for the sake of her child.
The life the mothers live is packed with unexpected circumstances
Problematization like a short trip to the hospital for an illness that can become complicated, a
meltdown for reasons that are unknown, or simply the routine of preparing for
school. Such activities can cause a lot of pressure or stress on the mothers.
The experience of stress often causes ailments that aggravate the situation
more. This predicament has raised a lot of concern on how these mothers can
stay healthy and continue to take care of their child with special needs.
 Coping Strategies of Mothers with a Child
Introductory Statement
with Special Needs
Care of a mother never ceases. It thrives especially during the most
Teaser
difficult situations. This is often seen among mothers with children with
Self-Disclosure special needs. As a teacher of special Education, I am witness of the care that
mothers give to their children with special needs. The sacrifices they make go
beyond telling. A possible good paying career is set aside to ensure that the
child is taken care of and prepared for possible independent life on the nature.
It is truly commendable how a mother can keep back her own personal
happiness for the sake of her child.
The life the mothers live is packed with unexpected circumstances
Problematization like a short trip to the hospital for an illness that can become complicated, a
meltdown for reasons that are unknown, or simply the routine of preparing for
school. Such activities can cause a lot of pressure or stress on the mothers.
The experience of stress often causes ailments that aggravate the situation
more. This predicament has raised a lot of concern on how these mothers can
stay healthy and continue to take care of their child with special needs.
Body of Literature Having a variety of strategies in coping with stress is found to be
more effective (Bonab, Motamedi, & Faslolah, 2017; Barrenttet al., 2003).
One of those strategies that has significant impact is the parents’ “Reliance on
God”. Their faith creates patience and tolerance (Bonab, Motamedi, &
Faslolah, 2017)…

Specific Area Not Much has been studied about the needs of the children with special
Addressed (Gap) needs leaving the need of the parents unexplored particularly the mothers who
are most often left with the care of their children…

Importance of the Study The study will create a talking space for the mothers on how they can
cope with the stress they are experiencing as they take care of their children. It
is commendable that they are make sacrifices for the sake of their child with
special needs but they also deserve to be relieved of the stress to be able to
offer better care.

Purpose Statement The study will describe the coping strategies of mothers who are
currently taking care of their child with disabilities.
Body of Literature Having a variety of strategies in coping with stress is found to be
more effective (Bonab, Motamedi, & Faslolah, 2017; Barrenttet al., 2003).
One of those strategies that has significant impact is the parents’ “Reliance on
God”. Their faith creates patience and tolerance (Bonab, Motamedi, &
Faslolah, 2017)…

Specific Area Not Much has been studied about the needs of the children with special
Addressed (Gap) needs leaving the need of the parents unexplored particularly the mothers who
are most often left with the care of their children…

Importance of the Study The study will create a talking space for the mothers on how they can
cope with the stress they are experiencing as they take care of their children. It
is commendable that they are make sacrifices for the sake of their child with
special needs but they also deserve to be relieved of the stress to be able to
offer better care.

Purpose Statement The study will describe the coping strategies of mothers who are
currently taking care of their child with disabilities.
 BACKGROUND OF THE
1. Teaser - GrabsSTUDY
the attention of the readers, gets readers’ interests
2. Self-Disclosure - Serves as an anchor for reflection to prevent biases
3. Research Problem - Explicitly identifies the perceived concern mentioned in the teaser
4. Body of Literature - Gives general feel, status, and direction of the problem without
necessarily going into details. Choose literature that are current and widely
cited by the others.
5. Specific Area that has not - Areas that have been deficiently treated, studied, or totally missed out.
been addressed by the body of Deficiencies could be in a form of a variable that is rarely given emphasis,
concerns with methodology, and those that are mentioned in
literature recommendations or limitations of a study
6. Importance of the Study - Contribution/How the current study will address the deficiencies
7. Purpose Statement - Makes it clear to the reader what the study is about as well as it
connects to the next part of the paper

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 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
It emerges from the process of questioning about the phenomenon
intended to study. The actual statement can be developed through initial
processes of observing, reading, and writing notes.
It defines and gives direction to the study. It is written in one sentence
that includes the central phenomenon, the intent of the study, the respondents,
and the research site. It begins with a phrase like: The purpose of the study…;
The study aims to…; or The study (intent)…

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 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. Central Phenomenon – refers to a set of experiences
2. The intent of the study refers to what the study would like to do with the
phenomenon. The words are associated with the intent are discover, explore, identify,
and describe. There are also verbs to be avoided as they suggest a quantitative
approach such as relate, influence, impact, effect, and cause. Qualitative study
focuses only on one phenomenon and not on two or more variables
3. The respondents refer to the people who have experience about the phenomenon
4. The research site refers to the natural environment of the respondents

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 STATEMENT OF THE
1. Central PROBLEM
Central Phenomenon
Phenomenon – refers to a set of experiences
2. The intent
intent of the study refers to what the study would like to do with the phenomenon. The words are
associated with the intent are discover, explore, identify, and describe. There are also verbs to be avoided as
they suggest a quantitative approach such as relate, influence, impact, effect, and cause. Qualitative study
focuses only on one phenomenon and not on two or more variables
3. The respondents refer to the people who have experience about the phenomenon
research site
4. The research site refers to the natural environment of the respondents

The study aims to describe the lived experiences of mothers with

children with special needs living in slum areas in Manila City

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 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
1. Central Phenomenon – refers to a set of experiences
2. The intent of the study refers to what the study would like to do with the phenomenon. The words are
associated with the intent are discover, explore, identify, and describe. There are also verbs to be avoided as
they suggest a quantitative approach such as relate, influence, impact, effect, and cause. Qualitative study
focuses only on one phenomenon and not on two or more variables
3. The respondents refer to the people who have experience about the phenomenon
4. The research site refers to the natural environment of the respondents

intent Central Phenomenon respondents

The study aims to describe the lived experiences of mothers with
children with special needs living in slum areas in Manila City
research site

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 STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
The statement of the problem is made more concrete and grounded on human experience by
asking further questions. There are two types of questions: central question and sub-questions.
Central questions is the general question which covers technically the whole experience of the
phenomenon. On the other hand, sub-questions direct the sharing experience to elicit more details.
This covers specific aspects of the phenomenon.

Sample Central questions: Sample Sub-questions:

How would the mothers with special • What underlying themes can be derived from the
children with special needs describe experiences of the mothers with children with special
their experience? needs?
• What aspects of being a mother of a child with special
needs are most demanding?
• What aspects of the experiences of being mother to a
child with special needs are rewarding?
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 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
The purposeSTUDY
of any work is to create a social value spelled out in concrete terms, specifically
in the context of its possible beneficiaries. Since the study conducted in view of a certain problem, it
is a contribution either to offer a different perspective or a mitigation effort to the given problem.
To state the significance of the study, it is important to keep in mind the people or
organizations and how they would benefit from it. The study is supposed to have an impact on
specific groups of people outside the respondents like researchers and interest groups. The order of
significance can be determined in terms of effect, impact, or benefit the study has on specific group
or population.

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
Example: STUDY
The study will benefit the following:
• Mothers of Children with Special Needs. The result of the study will help them to identify exactly
what they are going through. BY understanding their experiences, it would be easier to deal with
concerns that will emanate from it.
• Teachers in Special Education. The result will inform them of the experiences of the mothers that
could serve as an input to the curriculum for children with special needs.
• Local Community Leaders. The result will be a good input to their development plans for their
constituents, particularly those with children with special needs.

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 SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
The research study can only cover a specific problem. As such, there are certain factors that
could affect the results that may not be taken up fully in the study. This is a humble acceptance of the
extent of what a researcher can possibly handle at a certain period or given available resources.
However, it does not mean that the results are dubious and lacks credibility. The results are valid
given the delimitations of the study. In this case, it is imperative that the research will define the
score of the study. The scope defines exactly the focus of the study in terms of the phenomenon
being studied, respondents, and duration of exposure to the site or locale, and/or methodology.

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 SCOPE AND
Example:DELIMITATION

The study will involve 10 mothers with children special needs residing in the slum areas in
Manila City. Specifically, it focuses on their lived experiences as mothers with children with special
needs. The study will employ the use of in-depth interview as method in data gathering. The amount
of time for exposure in the natural setting is limited so as not disturb the daily activities of the
mothers, particularly their time with their child with special needs.

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 DEFINITIONS OF
The importantTERMS
terms used in the study need to be defined clearly with precision to avoid any
confusion. There are certain terms used in everyday undertaking that need to be defined technically
in the study to rid of other possible meanings as commonly attributed to them. A term can be defined
in two possible ways: (1) Theoretical definition and (2) Operational definition.

Theoretical definition
definition describes the terms according to how they mean based on what the
commonly accepted understanding found in encyclopedia, dictionary, and other studies.

Operational definition describes the terms based on how they are used in the study. The terms may
take on the details of the study and defined accordingly.

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 DEFINITIONS OF
TERMS
Theoretical definition Operational definition
Children with special needs are children with Children with special needs refer to the
any of the following disabilities: mental children with disability of mothers who live in
retardation, speech and language impairment, the slum areas in Manila City.
physical disability, learning disability, and
emotional disability. (Channing, 1996)

The terms to be defined include only those that are critical to be better appreciate the study.
These are the terms found in the title, statement of the problem or objectives, literature review, and
methodology. The initial list of terms may be revised as the study progresses to include technical
terms particularly to the field.

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