Topic 5 Installation Circuit Systems
Topic 5 Installation Circuit Systems
and systems
Outline
1. System Representation
2. Installation symbols and house plan
3. Choice of wiring system
4. Circuit design
5. Lighting Circuits
6. Power Circuits
System Representation
• The choice of any particular wiring system and its accessories will
depend on the environment in which it is to be installed.
• Under normal conditions, typical wiring systems would include:
Circuit Design
• Conductors and the current-carrying components of accessories (e.g.
switches, fuses, circuit breakers, socket outlets and plugs) must be
large enough to carry the maximum current which the connected
apparatus can cause to flow, without overheating.
• The following steps are followed:
1. Determine the design current
• Calculate the design current (Ib).
• This is the normal current drawn by the load. The design current Ib is
quoted by the manufacturer, but there are times when it has to be
calculated. It is usually determined as follows:
2. Select the rating of the protection
• Select the nominal rating and type of the protective device (In) eg
fuse, circuit breaker.
• The nominal setting of the protection In is selected such that In ≥ Ib
This value may be taken from IEE Regulations or from the
manufacturer’s charts.
3. Select the relevant rating factors
• When a cable carries its full-load current, its temperature rises and can
rise further due to other influences which could damage the insulation.
• For each of these conditions, there is a correction factor or rating
factor (CF), the application of which will have the effect of correcting
cable current-carrying capacity or cable size, as follows:
• high ambient temperature, Ca,
• cables grouped together closely, Cg,
• uncleared overcurrents, Cc and
• contact with thermal insulation, Ci,
• Divide the protective device rated current(In) by the correction factors
(Cg),(Ci),(Ca),(Cr) etc.
4. Determine the cable current carrying
capacity
• Calculate the tabulated current-carrying capacity It of the circuit by
using:
5. Choose a cable size
• Select cable from the tables (Iz) in the regulations
• Having established the tabulated current-carrying capacity of the
cable required, the actual size is found from a relevant table in the IET
Wiring Regulations.
6. Check the voltage drop
• Calculate the voltage drop and check for compliance
• The resistance of a conductor increases as the length increases and/or
the cross-sectional area decreases.
• Associated with an increased resistance is a drop in voltage, which
means that a load at the end of a long, thin cable will not have the full
supply voltage available.
• The IEE Regulations require that for single-phase 230 V, the voltage
drop for lighting should not exceed 3% of 230 V = 6.9 V and for power
circuits should not exceed 5% of 230 V = 11.5 V
7. Check for shock risk constraints
Circuit Diagram
LIGHTING CIRCUITS:
Two-way switching