UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Network Operating System
CST-397
Ms. Merry K. P(E12903)

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
 COURSE OUTCOMES
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Students will be able to recall the basics of important Understand &
networks and operating system concepts Remember
CO2 Student would be able to deploy Server 2008/2012 and Implement
make use of it as a technical platform.
CO3 Students will be able to prepare themselves for Apply
placements focusing on Networking and Server
environment and further being research oriented in the
field of Computer Networks.
CO4 Analyze the working of virtual machines Analyze
CO5 Identify the role of active directory Analyze
2
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an
Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet
mask and default gateway.
 Why use DHCP?
• Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have a unique unicast IP address to access the network and its
resources.
• Without DHCP, IP addresses for new computers or computers that are moved from one subnet to another must
be configured manually; IP addresses for computers that are removed from the network must be manually
reclaimed.
• With DHCP, this entire process is automated and managed centrally.
• The DHCP server maintains a pool of IP addresses and leases an address to any DHCP-enabled client when it
starts up on the network. Because the IP addresses are dynamic (leased) rather than static (permanently
assigned), addresses no longer in use are automatically returned to the pool for reallocation.
• The network administrator establishes DHCP servers that maintain TCP/IP configuration information and
provide address configuration to DHCP-enabled clients in the form of a lease offer. The DHCP server stores the
configuration information in a database that includes:
• Valid TCP/IP configuration parameters for all clients on the network.
• Valid IP addresses, maintained in a pool for assignment to clients, as well as excluded addresses.
• Reserved IP addresses associated with particular DHCP clients. This allows consistent assignment of a single
IP address to a single DHCP client.
•The lease duration, or the length of time for which the IP address can be used before a lease renewal is required.
 What is a DHCP server?
• The DHCP server is one of the most important components of DHCP. In most home internet
setups, the DHCP server is actually a router. It manages requests for IP addresses from the
network and keeps a record of all the IP addresses it assigns and to which devices it assigns
them. It also maintains an IP address pool to choose from.
• DHCP is a client-server protocol — a way for humans to get information from websites.
You are the client in this interaction, and you communicate with a DHCP server. Network
admins use DHCP servers to set up rules for assigning clients (that’s you) an IP address.
These rules could be:
• Specifying a gateway address
• Specifying a DNS server IP address
• Applying a subnet mask
• Specifying lease time
 What is a DHCP client?
• The client is one of the other main components in the DHCP process, apart from servers and relay agents.
• The client is you, or rather, your device. Your computer, phone, gaming console, refrigerator, cat food
distributor, or any other gadget you have that connects to the internet is a client.
• The client can connect to the internal network and communicate with the DHCP server in order to get an IP
address and go online.
• The communication between the DHCP server and client is a very specific process known as a DHCP
handshake.
 DHCP Handshake
• The communication between the DHCP server and client is a very specific process known
as a DHCP handshake. Here’s how it works:
1. Discover: The client wants to connect to the internet and sends out a broadcast to find
available DHCP servers.
2. Offer: The DHCP server picks up the client’s broadcast and then responds with the
available IP addresses and configuration options.
3. Request: The client requests one of the offered IP addresses and sends out a request to
other clients on the network, to see if any of them are already using the IP address it
wants. If not, the client can take it.
4. Acknowledgment: The DHCP server acknowledges the client’s request for information
and sends a data packet that includes the lease duration (how long the client gets to keep
the IP address) and any other information the client needs for using this IP address.
 What is a DHCP relay agent?
• A DHCP relay agent manages requests sent between DHCP clients and servers.
• In a typical household network, relay agents aren’t necessary as the number of devices going online is
limited.
• They’re more useful in organizations with larger networks and a lot more devices, especially if they’re using
a remote DHCP server. With all the requests going back and forth between DHCP clients and servers in a
company setting, you need a go-between to keep things running efficiently.
 Advantages of DHCP

DHCP certainly makes things easier for local networks. Some of the main benefits of DHCP
are:
• Reliable configuration: Configuring IP addresses manually can lead to errors. For
example, if you type the wrong number or assign the same number to two devices.
Automating the process with DHCP reduces those errors.
• Less work for network admins: It would take a lot of time and resources for network
administrators to manually configure IP addresses in large networks. DHCP makes things
run more efficiently.
• Real-time modifications: Admins can make changes to DHCP options in a network even
while the DHCP server is running and allotting IP addresses.
• It’s free: For most networks, implementing DHCP doesn’t come with any extra costs.
• Supports multiple devices on one network: DHCP allows you to connect to and surf
the web on whichever device you choose and still have a seamless experience.
 Disadvantages of DHCP
While DHCP is a basic function that most local networks need to operate smoothly, it does
have some drawbacks. The average consumer doesn’t need to worry about them, but you may
want to understand what they are.
• Security: DHCP servers have no way to authenticate clients that request IP addresses. So
clients can gain access to unauthorized IP addresses by pretending to be a different client.
• Single point of failure: If a network has only one DHCP server and it fails, clients can’t
gain access to the web.
• Required relay agents: DHCP servers must have relay agents to be able to communicate
with the network because DHCP data can’t travel across the router.
• No static IP: Computers that are connected to a network with DHCP implemented can’t
be used as servers because their IP address is always changing.
REFERENCES

1. Reference Book: Behrouz A. Forouzan

2. Video Lecture on YouTube URL: https://youtu.be/4pkDL1pgCgQ

3. PDF Link.
URL :
http://zai.lecturer.pens.ac.id/Kuliah/Komunikasi%20Data/Buku%20Referensi/Data%20Communic
ations%20and%20Networking%20By%20Behrouz%20A.Forouzan.pdf
.

4. Relevant Web Link

https://www.javatpoint.com/dynamic-host-configuration-protocol

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THANK
YOU