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Chapter - 4 Networks

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Chapter - 4 Networks

Uploaded by

Sabree Pavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER - 4

COMPUTER NETWORKS
NETWORK DEFINITION

● A computer network is a system that connects computers and other


devices, allowing them to communicate and share resources.
● It's like a digital highway that facilitates the exchange of
information.
Importance of Networks
● Networks are vital in today's interconnected world.
● They enable communication, resource sharing, and collaboration.
● Think of networks as the backbone that supports activities like browsing the
internet, sending emails, and accessing shared files.
● Examples of Network Usage:
Consider the internet, a global network that connects people across the globe.
In a school context, the local network allows students and teachers to share
information, access online resources, and collaborate on projects.
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM IN
NETWORKS:
Communication media: It is the path through which the message travels between source and
destination. It is also called medium or link which is either wired or wireless.

Wired Network: As we all know, “wired” refers to any physical medium made up of cables. Copper
wire, twisted pair, or fiber optic cables are all options.

Wireless Network: “Wireless” means without wire, media that is made up of electromagnetic waves
(EM Waves) or infrared waves. Cellular phones, wireless sensors, TV remotes, satellite dish receivers,
and laptops with WLAN cards are all examples of wireless devices.
WHAT IS AN IP ADDRESS?
● An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a
local network.
● IP stands for "Internet Protocol" which is the set of rules governing the
format of data sent via the internet or local network.
● The purpose of an IP address is to handle the connection between devices
that send and receive information across a network.
MAC ADDRESS:
● A MAC address is a unique physical address assigned to each network adapter in
a computer, or mobile device.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAC ADDRESS AND IP ADDRESS

MAC ADDRESS IP ADDRESS


MAC Address stands for Media Access Control Address. IP Address stands for Internet Protocol Address.

MAC Address is used to ensure the physical address of a IP Address is the logical address of the computer.
computer.

MAC Address operates in a data link layer. IP Address operates in the network layer.
ROUTER:
A router is a box that lets all of your wired and wireless devices use that Internet connection at
once and also allows them to talk to one another without having to do so over the Internet.
GATEWAY:
● A computer that sits between different networks or applications.
● The gateway converts information, data or other communications from one protocol or
format to another.
● A router may perform some of the functions of a gateway.
● An Internet gateway can transfer communications between an enterprise network and the
Internet.

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FUNDAMENTAL NETWORK CLASSIFICATIONS

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Local Area Networks (LANs):

A local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a
home, office, or group of buildings
Wide Area Networks (WANs):
Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer
resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large local
area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).
NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

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Bus:
A bus is the simplest physical topology. It consists of a single cable
that runs to every workstation
RING TOPOLOGY:
Each computer connects to two other computers, joining them in a circle
creating a unidirectional path where messages move workstation to workstation .
STAR TOPOLOGY:
Star topologies are easy to install. a cable is run from each workstation
to the hub. the hub is placed in a central location in the office .
MESH TOPOLOGY:
The mesh topology is the simplest logical topology in terms of data flow, but it is the most
complex in terms of physical design. in this physical topology, each device is connected to
every other device
OSI MODEL:
1. Physical Layer:
Deals with the physical connection between devices.

OSI 2. Data Link Layer:


Responsible for node-to-node communication and error detection.

MODEL
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
3. Network Layer :
Manages logical addressing, routing, and forwarding of data packets between devices.
model is a conceptual framework that
standardizes the functions of a 4. Transport Layer :
telecommunication or computing system Ensures end-to-end communication, error recovery, and flow control.
into seven abstraction layers. These layers,
from the bottom to the top, are Physical, 5. Session Layer :
Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Manages sessions or connections between applications.Establishes, maintains, and
Presentation, and Application. The model terminates connections, synchronization between applications.
helps in understanding and designing
6. Presentation Layer :
network architectures by breaking down the
Deals with data format translation, encryption, and compression.
complex process of communication into
simpler, modular components. 7. Application Layer :
Provides a user interface, network services, and application-level protocols.
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