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Time Space Diagram

The document discusses time-space diagrams and their use in traffic analysis. It provides examples of problems involving calculating flow rates, headways, and speeds from information in a time-space diagram. It also discusses Greenshields and Greenberg traffic flow models and includes an example of fitting traffic data to the Greenshields model.

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Vi Vianne
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85 views

Time Space Diagram

The document discusses time-space diagrams and their use in traffic analysis. It provides examples of problems involving calculating flow rates, headways, and speeds from information in a time-space diagram. It also discusses Greenshields and Greenberg traffic flow models and includes an example of fitting traffic data to the Greenshields model.

Uploaded by

Vi Vianne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Time –

Space
Diagram
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS
Time - Space Diagram
oGraph that describes the relationship between the location
of vehicles in a traffic stream and the tie as the vehicle
progress along the highway.
oFigure shows:
Time - Space Diagram
oFigure shows:
Sample Problem:
The figure shows a time-space plot of vehicles within a time-space domain. Based on the information
contained in this figure, determine the parameters as required by the following conditions:
◦ a. If an observer counts six vehicles crossing line A-A’ in 25 seconds, calculate the flow of vehicles per hour.
Sample Problem 1:
The figure shows a time-space plot of vehicles within a time-space domain. Based on the information
contained in this figure, determine the parameters as required by the following conditions:
◦ B. A timer begun at 0.0 second continuing for 25 seconds and the times at which the front end of the vehicles
pass the observation point A-A’. The observations are noted as follows:
What are the individual headways and the average headway? (sec/veh)

VEHICLE TIME OF PASSING (sec)


4 ?
5 ?
6 ?
7 ?
8 ?
9 ?
Sample Problem 2:
A speed trap consisting of a record of times when vehicles passed two points A-A’ and B-B’, was made
as indicated on the figure. Find the average speed of vehicles 4, 5, 6,7, 8, and 9, assuming the trap
distance is 200 m. What are the space and time mean speeds in kph?
Mathematical Relationship
Describing Traffic Flow:
1. Macroscopic Approach (Flow – Density
Relationship)
◦ Greenshields' model
◦ Greenberg’s model

2. Microscopic Approach ( Spacing between vehicles


and Speed of individual vehicles)
Greenshields' Model
Model Evaluation Criterion:

1. Relationships of q-k-v were tested in terms of goodness of fit to actual field data.

2. Relationships were supposed to satisfy certain boundary conditions:


•A. When the density is zero, the flow is zero because there are no vehicles on the roadway.

•B. As the density increases, the flow also increases to some maximum flow conditions.

•C. When the density reaches a maximum, generally called jam density, the flow must be zero because
the vehicles tend to line up end to end (parking lot conditions).

•D. Mean free speed occurs as zero density.


Greenshields' Model
Linear relationship existed between speed and density.
Greenshields' Model
Linear relationship existed between speed and density.

; Flow versus density ; Space Mean Speed versus Volume


Example:
Greenshields Model: The data shown below were obtained on a highway. Use regression analysis to fit
these data to the Greenshields Model and determine:
a. Mean free speed (MPH) , Vf
b. Jam density ( veh/mi, VPM) kj
c. Capacity (veh/hr) qmax
d. Speed at maximum flow (MPH)
Speed (mi/hr) Density (veh/mi)
14.2 85
24.1 70
30.3 55
40.1 41
50.6 20
55.0 15
Greenberg’s Model
Fluid –flow Analogy.
Example:
Greenberg’s Model: The data shown below were obtained on a highway. Use regression analysis to fit
these data to the Greenshields Model and determine:
a. Mean free speed (MPH) , Vf
b. Jam density ( veh/mi, VPM) kj
c. Capacity (veh/hr) qmax
d. Speed at maximum flow (MPH)
Speed (mi/hr) Density (veh/mi)
14.2 85
24.1 70
30.3 55
40.1 41
50.6 20
55.0 15

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