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Mathematics 10 Probability of Union of Events

The document discusses probability concepts including compound events, union of events, mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events. Examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate probabilities of different events. Practice problems are also included for readers to try out calculating probabilities of various scenarios.

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Sealthiel Jacobe
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6 views

Mathematics 10 Probability of Union of Events

The document discusses probability concepts including compound events, union of events, mutually exclusive and non-mutually exclusive events. Examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate probabilities of different events. Practice problems are also included for readers to try out calculating probabilities of various scenarios.

Uploaded by

Sealthiel Jacobe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics 10

Probability of Compound Events


Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, I can
a. illustrate events and union of events
b. illustrate the probability of union of events
c. find the probability of .
d. differentiate mutually and non-mutually exclusive
events
e. solve problems involving union of events
Operations on Compound Events
• Union of two Events – the union of two events A and B, denoted
by , refers to the occurrence of A or B or both.
• Intersection of two Events – the intersection of events A and B
denoted by refers to the occurrence of A and B
• Example 1: A die is rolled. If A is the event that an even number turns up
and B is the event that a number is divisible by 3 turns up, find P(A),
P(B), P() and
• Solution:
The sample space of rolling a die is . Thus event and , and .

Thus, the values of P(A), P(B), P() are 0.5, 0.33 and 0.67, respectively.
Mutually and Non-Mutually Exclusive
Events
• Two events A and B are said to be mutually
exclusive when it is impossible for both events to
occur simultaneously. The intersection of events
A and B is this case in empty.
• Two events A and B ae said to be non-mutually
exclusive if there is at-least one common
outcome between them.
Example 2:
Determine which of the following experiments are mutually
exclusive and non-mutually exclusive.
1. Drawing a card and tossing a coin
2. From a standard deck of playing cards, getting a number
multiple of 2 and getting 8 of clubs.
3. Rolling two dice and getting a red card
4. Choosing any number from 1 to 25 and getting a multiple of 6
5. Tossing a coin and getting head or tail
Answers:
1. Mutually exclusive, drawing a card is not the same as tossing a
coin.
2. Non-mutually exclusive, since 8 of clubs is a multiple of 2.
3. Mutually exclusive, these two simple experiments are different.
4. Non-mutually exclusive, there are multiples of 6 between 1 and
25- specifically 6, 12, 18 and 24.
5. Mutually exclusive, since in tossing a coin, getting a head is
different from getting a tail.
Rule 1:
• If events A and B are mutually exclusive events, then

Note that can be written as .


• Take note of the following steps in finding the probability of
mutually exclusive events.
1. Find the total number of possible outcomes
2. Find the favorable outcomes for each event.
3. Calculate the probability ratio for each event.
4. Add the two possibilities.
Example 3:
• One marble is to be drawn from a jar containing 3
green marbles, 4 blue marbles, and 5 maroon
marbles. Determine the probability that the marble
drawn is:
1. green
2. not blue, and
3. maroon or blue
Solutions:
• The total number of possible outcomes is 3+4+5=12
1. The marble is green – 3 The probability of drawing a green
marble in the jar
2. The marble is blue – 4 The probability that the marble is blue
is . However, the marble drawn must not be blue. The probability of
the complement of an event is denoted by is defined as . That is
3. The marble is maroon or the marble is blue = The two events are
mutually exclusive. Thus
Example 4:
• In a certain student body organization (SBO) election, Maxi and Mary are
among the candidates running for president. Approximately, there is a
45% chance that Maxi will win the race while there is a 30% chance for
Mary. What is the probability that either Maxi or Mary will win the SBO
presidency?
• Solution:
P(A) – probability that Maxi will win is 45% or 0.45
P(B) - probability that Mary will win is 30% or 0.30

Since Maxi and Mary cannot win together at the same time, the two events are
mutually exclusive
Rule 2:
• If events A and B are not mutually exclusive events, then

To compute for the probability of non-mutually exclusive events, follow


these steps:
1. Determine the total possible occurrence or outcomes.
2. Find the desired outcomes
3. Write the equivalent ratio for each event
4. Get the sum of this ratios or fractions
5. Subtract the probability of intersection or common occurrence of
these events
The reason why there is a need to subtract the intersection of events A and
B denoted by is to avoid redundancy of an element.
Example 5:
• The probability that a certain internet café owns as desktop is 79%, the
probability of having a monitor is 72% and the probability that it owns both a
desktop and a monitor is 57%. What is the probability that a randomly
selected internet café owns a desktop or monitor?
• Solution:
The probability that an internet café owns a desktop is 79% or P(A)=0.79.
The probability that an internet café owns a monitor is 72% or P(B)=0.72. the
probability that it owns both a desktop and a monitor is 57% or = 0.57
Hence, the probability that a randomly selected internet café owns
desktop or a monitor is

= 0.79+0.72 – 0.57
= 0.94
Try this out:
A. Determine whether each of the following experiments are mutually
exclusive and non-mutually exclusive. Write the complete word before
each number.
__________________1. Tossing a coin and getting 2 and 5.
__________________2. In a standard deck of 52 cards, drawing an ace and
a red card.
__________________3. Rolling two dice and getting a tail.
__________________4. Jinho and Jinwoo being selected as Guild Master.
__________________5. Getting a passing score and perfect score in a
Math test
Try this out:
B. Find the corresponding probabilities of the given mutually exclusive
events.
1. A piggy bank contains the following coins: fifty 25-centavo, seventy 1-
peso, thirty 5-peso, and twenty 10-peso coin. One coin is removed at
random. Find the probability of the following:
a. The coin is a 5-peso coin
b. The coin is a 25-centavo or a 5-peso coin
c. The coin is a 1-peso or 10 peso coin
d. The coin is not 25-centavo coin
e. The coin is not 5-peso or 1 peso coin
Try this out:
C. Find the corresponding probabilities of the given
non-mutually exclusive events.
• In a deck of 52 cards, there are 4 suits(heart,
diamond, club, and spade), each suit has 4 face cards
(ace, king, queen, and jack) and 9 number cards (2-
10). Find the corresponding probability If event A is a
card drawn is a heart and event B is an ace.

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