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Lab 2

The document discusses different types of airborne microbial pollutants including droplets, droplet nuclei, and infectious dust. It describes their sources, sizes, abilities to cause infection, and roles in transmission of disease. Experiments are proposed to study microbes from coughs and sneezes, the effectiveness of handwashing, and biodeterioration of foods and cosmetics by microbes.

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15 views

Lab 2

The document discusses different types of airborne microbial pollutants including droplets, droplet nuclei, and infectious dust. It describes their sources, sizes, abilities to cause infection, and roles in transmission of disease. Experiments are proposed to study microbes from coughs and sneezes, the effectiveness of handwashing, and biodeterioration of foods and cosmetics by microbes.

Uploaded by

ahmed.mo.22555417
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microbial pollutants

(section 2)
By
Mona M Soliman
Airborne infections
Cough and sneeze plates

• Air currents may bring the microorganisms from plant or animal surfaces into air.
• These organisms may be either commensals or plant or animal pathogens.
• Plant pathogens are spread over very long distances through air (ex: spores of puccinia graminis
travel over a thousand kilometers.
• The main source of airborne microorganism is human being.
• The microorganisms are discharged out in three different forms which are grouped on the basis
which are grouped on the basis of their relative size and moisture content . they are droplets ,
droplet nuclei and infectious dust.
Droplet Droplet nuclei Infectious dust

Source Sneezing, coughing or taking The residue of solid material left after drying up of Nasal or throat discharges from a patient can
Consist of saliva and mucus. droplet. contaminate surfaces and dry.

Size and  The size of droplet determined the period  These are small (1-4µm(and light.  Disturbance of this dried material by bed
infection which they can remain suspended.  Small droplets in a warm ,dry atmosphere tend making , handling a handkerchief having
 Most droplets are large and tend to settle to evaporate rapidly and become droplet secresion or sweeping floor in the patient
rapidly in still air. nuclei. room lead to dust particles which
 Droplets may contain hundreds of  Remain suspended in air for hours or  add microorganism to the circulating aie.
microorganisms which may be pathogenic if days ,travelling long distance.  Large aerosol droplets settle out rapidly
discharged from diseased person so may be  Serve as continuing source of infection if the from air onto surface and dried.
source of infectious disease. bacteria remain viable when dry.  Microorganisms can survive for long periods
 When inhaled trapped on the moist surface  If inhaled enter lungs . in dust which cause significant hazard
of the respiratory tract.  More potential agents of infectious disease specially in hospital area.
than droplet.
Procedure:
• Anyone in the lab . with a cough or sneeze due to a cold or allergy is volunteered for this procedure.
1. Label a blood agar plate and keep it covered.
2. Every time you have to cough or sneeze , open the plate , hold it approximately six inches away from your
mouth , and cough or sneeze into the plate.
3. Record how many times you coughed or sneezed on the plate.
4. Label the plate appropriately and place it in the incubation tray at the end of the period.

Control
Person without a cold or an allergy artificially cough or sneeze the same number of times.
Experiment (3)
Effectiveness of Handwashing in
disease prevention
(Hand hygiene)
Microorganisms in hand:
A- Resident (normal flora of the skin)
B-Transient (microorganism from handling-
harmful)

Control of microorganisms
A-Physical methods
B-Chemical methods
Chemical methods
• 1- Disinfectants

• 2- Antiseptics

• 3- Sanitizers

• 4- Antibiotic
Factors affect the antimicrobial action
• Concentration of chemical agent
• Temperature
• Number of microorganisms
• Kind of microorganisms
• Nature of the material bearing the
microorganisms
Modes of antimicrobial action
• Damage the lipids or proteins of the semipermeable
cytoplasmic membrane of microorganisms, leakage of
cellular material.

• Denature microbial enzymes and protein, blocking


metabolism.
Examples of chemical agent
1- Phenol derivatives
2- Soaps and detergents
3- Alcohol
4- Acids and alkalies
5- Heavy metals
6- Chlorine
7- Iodine
8- Aldehydes
Procedure
• 1- Pour dox media and nutrient media in
plates and let to soldify.
• 2- label the base of the plates.
• 3- place your fingerprints onto the agar.
• 4- After washing your hand (for 2 minute or 3
minute) place your fingerprints onto the agar.
• 5-Incubation
• Percent reduction in colonies=

(Colonies count of control – colonies count of treatment) X 100

Colonies count of control


Biodeterioration
• Chemical or physical undesirable changes or
alteration of manmade or natural products of
economics significance

By

Living organisms or their products


Experiment (4)
Biodeterioration of cosmetics
Cosmetics
Substance applied onto different parts of human body

Role:
Keep body in good condition
Cleansing
Protection
Remove body odors
• When microorganisms present in cosmetics?
• What is the condition?
• How microorganisms affect on cosmetics?
Procedure
1- Pour fungal or bacterial media in petri-dish
2- Let to solidify
3- isolate from personal care product by using sterile swab
4- incubation
5- count the number of colonies
Biodeterioration of food product

Microorganisms grow on foods and crops during


harvest and storage or in processed food products.

Contaminated food cause:


• Food spoilage
• Disease

How reduce microorganisms?


• Food
• Equipment
• Environmental factor
Experiment (5)
Biodeterioration of meat
Procedure
1- Add 1 gram of normal or abnormal beef in 9 ml sterile water.
2- make serial dilution
3- transfer 1 ml of each dilution in PDA plates and transfer 0.1
ml of each dilution in nutrient agar plates
4- Incubation

5- Calculate CFU
CFU=(number of colonies x dilution factor)/ volume of sample taken

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