Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

Table of Contents

 Introduction
 History
 How it works?
 Advantages
 Drawbacks
 Conclusion
Introduction
 High speed data link.
 Pure network connection.
 Coming with different schemes:
 CAP (Carrierless Amplitudo Phase Modulation)
 QAM (Quadrature Amplitudo Modulation)
 DMT (Discrete Multitone Modulation)
 Using special modems called endpoints
History
 During last decades Internet was accessed through
Modem connected to POTS (Plain Old Telephone
System) or PSTN
 Modems were extremely slow by today standards
(the highest data rate is 56 kbps)
 POTS was designed for voice communications at
frequencies below 3 KHz
 Thus limits the obtainable data rates of the system.
Dial Up Modems
ISDN
 Alternative to POTS
 Improved Internet speed
 Transfer both audio dan video
 Require special cabling
 Require expensive setup
Broadband & DSL
 In 1980, Joseph Lech discovered the
idea of broadband to transfer the data.
 Broadband is a fast, permanent Internet
connection which is 10 to 100 times
faster than a dial up connection
 With the idea of broadband, came up
with the idea of DSL & ADSL
Overview of DSL
 DSL technology allows Internet and
telephone service to work over the
same phone line without requiring
customers to disconnect either their
voice or Internet connections.
 DSL Internet services are used primarily
in homes and small business.
Overview of DSL
 DSL Internet service only works over a
limited physical distance and remains
unavailable in many ares where the
local telephone infrastructure does not
support DSL technology.
 xDSL refers to different variations of
DSL, such as ADSL, HDSL and VDSL.
DSL Requirements
 Ethernet cables
 Telephone
 Modems
 Filter/Splitter
 Phone Jack
DSL Gadgets
How DSL Works?
 Data is generated by your computer (such as request for a
WWW of e-mail)
 Flows over ethernet cable to the DSL modem
 Passes through the DSL Modem and continues over a phone
cable to the jack
 Travels to your outside phone box via the phone cabling inside
your house’s wall
 ON to the Central Office building in your neighbourhood
 Then goes to your ISP’s network
 The goes to the Internet
Overview of ADSL
 Asymetric – The data can flow faster in one direction
than the other. Data transmission has faster
downstream to the subscriber than upstream.
 Digital – No type of communication is transferred in
an analog method. All data is purely digital and only
at the end, modulated to be carried over the line.
 Subscriber Line – The data is carried over a single
twisted pair copper loop to the subscriber premises.
Overview of ADSL
 ADSL is a form of DSL, a data communications
technology that enables faster data transmission over
copper telephone lines.
 ADSL is capable of providing up to %) Mbps and
support voice, video and data.
 ADSL is the popular Broadband Choice (in 2000–
2010) with over 60% market share.
 ADSL is now available in every region of the world.
Overview of ADSL
 Designed to suite the standard pattern
of use of data networks.
 ADSL implementation gives the
incoming stream a large slice of
bandwidth and a smaller amount is
dedicated to duplex communications.
ADSL Requirements
 Phone line, activated by company that
offers ADSL service
 Filter to separate the phone signal from
the internet signal
 ADSL Modem
 Subscription with an ISP supporting
ADSL
How ADSL works?
 To create ADSL, there must be a pair of ADSL modems, one at
the subscriber site and the other at the network operator site
(i.e. Central Office or nearest access node).
 During an Internet connection, the two ADSL modems
communicates, converting signal to a format that can be
transferred over telephone line.
 DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a device at
the operator site that contains ADSL Modems and interfaces to
backbone networks.
 Backbone network: A network that aggregates traffic from
smaller networks and transports traffic between networks.
DSLAM
 A DSLAM, standing for Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer, is a piece of hardware
that splits the voice from the data traffic. This device is located within the POP (Point of
Presence) of a local operator, also called the Exchange, property of the ISP or Internet
Service Provider.
 In terms of availability you would need to have a DSLAM close to your location. If you are
located more than approximately 5Km away from a DSLAM you should start looking for a
different technology, either fully dedicated over copper or a radio link for example.
 Each single physical line is connected to a single port on a DSLAM device so there is no line
sharing or contention ratio at this point, it is then said that the contention is 1:1 as one
customer’s line goes to its very own port on the DSLAM. It really depends on how many
ports are in use in a precise DSLAM to know how bad your connection can be in a worst
case scenario.
 We could have an ADSL internet access connecting to a DSLAM with a total of 20 ports in
use. In that case we would have an ADSL with a pretty good 1:20 ratio. This would be a
business type of ADSL which normally go from 1:5 to 1:20. Residential lines would usually
be around 1:50. Well, in our example the internet backbone would be shared by up to 20
different customers.
DSLAM
How ADSL works?
 At a subscriber site, a splitter (filter) separates the
telephone signal from the data signal.
 Therefore the subscriber can receive or make
telephone calls during an Internet connection without
interference. The presence of a separate filter is
required only in Full Rate ADSL.
 In the case of splitterless ADSL (also known as
G.Lite, ADSL Lite, or Universal ADSL), an external
splitter is not required.
Distance limitations
 ADSL is a distance-sensitive technology
 The limit for ADSL service is 5.5 Km
 At the extremes of the distance limits, ADSL
customers may suffers speeds far below the
promised maximum.
 Costumers nearer the central office have
faster connectiuons and may see extremely
high speeds.
Other type of DSL
 High-bit rate DSL
 Symmetric DSL
 Very high bit rate DSL
High Bit Rate DSL
 HDSL technology was developed in the early
1990s making it one of the oldest forms of
DSL
 HDSL service provides equal bandwidth for
both downloads and uploads, offering data
rate up to 2,048 Kbps (compared with 56
kbps of dial up modems)
 HDSL requires multiple phone lines to
accomplish this.
Symmetric DSL
 Replacement or alternatives of HDSL since it requires
only one phone line and offer similar performance.
 Symmetric types of ADSL connections provide equal
bandwidth for both upstream and downstream.
 Symmetric ADSl technology is popular for business-
class DSL services as companies often have greater
needs for transferring data.
 Typical Symmetric ADSL connections support 1.5
Mbps for downloads and uploads.
Very High bit-rate DSL
 VDSL was developed to support exceptionally high-
bandwidth applications such as High Definition
Television (HDTV).
 VDSL can achieve data rates up to 52 Mbps making it
the fastest available form of DSL.
 The technology was originally named VADSL (‘A’ for
asymmetric), but VDSL later on was improved to
operate in either asymmetric of symmetric modes.
Server
CORE ADSL
Existing Copper
ADSL
Network
1.5 to 9 Mbps
16 to 640 kbps
Internet

ADSL Connection
Advantages
 Connectivity – always connected
 Ease of use
 Reliability
 Security
 Speed
 Echo Cancellation
FDM
Upstream Downstream Upstream Downstream

POTS POTS

Frequency 1 Mhz Frequency 1 Mhz

Create Multiple Channel

 Nyquist’s Theorem

 Maximum data rate = 2H log2 V bits/sec

H = low-pass filter of bandwidth

V = signal discrete levels
Drawbacks
 Availability
 Signal leaking
 Cost of installation and equipment
 Not standardization
Telephone line Voice (only)
Voice + ADSL Splitter
ADSL (only)

ADSL
Phone
modem

Phone

Fig. 1 ADSL Problem

Telephone line Voice (+ ADSL leakage)
Voice + ADSL Splitter
ADSL (only)

ADSL Filter

ADSL
Phone
modem

Phone

Fig. 2 ADSL Problem

Conclusion
 ADSL is a high speed access to internet.
 ADSL has advantages but it also has
limitations.
 ADSL needs to extend the access
distance.
 ADSL might improve the speed.
 ADSL needs to be standardized.
 Referensi Pengayaan
 https://frisilya09.wordpress.com/2011/05/27/penggunaan
-adsl-di-indonesia/
 https://lms.onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php/ADSL
 https://www.dosenpendidikan.co.id/pengertian-adsl/