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All About Synchronous Speed and Slip

The document discusses synchronous speed and slip of induction motors. Synchronous speed is calculated using the formula Ns = f/p revolutions per second or Ns = 60 × f/p revolutions per minute, where f is the supply frequency and p is the number of pole pairs. The rotor rotates slightly slower than synchronous speed due to slip, which is necessary for motor operation and torque production. Formulas for calculating slip speed and rotor frequency are also provided.

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47 views

All About Synchronous Speed and Slip

The document discusses synchronous speed and slip of induction motors. Synchronous speed is calculated using the formula Ns = f/p revolutions per second or Ns = 60 × f/p revolutions per minute, where f is the supply frequency and p is the number of pole pairs. The rotor rotates slightly slower than synchronous speed due to slip, which is necessary for motor operation and torque production. Formulas for calculating slip speed and rotor frequency are also provided.

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...
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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All About Synchronous

Speed and Slip


Done by Reuben Gayle, Daniel Osbourne and Preston Parkes
What is Synchronous speed?
Synchronous Speed

The synchronous speed of an induction motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field
produced by the stator. It is calculated by the formula:

Ns = f/p revolutions per second (r.p.s.)

Ns = 60 ✕ f/p revolutions per minute (r.p.m.)

Where f is the supply frequency, and p is the number of pairs of poles.


What is the Slip?
The rotor of an induction motor rotates at a speed which is slightly less
than the synchronous speed. Because of this, the induction motor is said to
be asynchronous. The relative movement is such that the rotor is said to
be slipping back through the field.
What is the Slip Cont’d?
This, however, is necessary for the operation of the motor, since if the rotor were
to turn at synchronous speed, no current would be induced in it. Then, there will be
no torque and the rotor will lose speed. The difference between the synchronous
speed and the actual rotor speed is called slip and is usually expressed as a
percent of the synchronous speed.
The Slip Cont’d
Therefore, the frequency of the rotor EMF and current can be found as:

Remember →

Therefore →
The Slip
In other words, for any value of slip, the frequency of the rotor EMF is equal
to the supply (stator) frequency multiplied by the slip.

Hence, when the motor is at standstill, i.e. at the instant of switching on, the
rotor frequency is the same as the supply frequency. On the other hand, if the
motor were to run at synchronous speed, then the rotor frequency would be
zero.
Questions
1. What is the formula to calculate the synchronous speed of a
motor?
2. What is the formula to calculate the slip of a motor?
3. A 4-pole, 50Hz motor operates at 1560 r.p.m. Calculate the slip
speed.
Answers
1. What is the formula to calculate the synchronous speed of a motor?

Answer: Ns = f / P (for rps) OR 60 x f/P (for rpm)

2. What is the formula to calculate the slip of a motor?

Answer:
Answers Cont’d
3. A 4-pole induction motor has a synchronous speed of 1800 rpm. What is the
frequency of the supply voltage?
NS = 60 × f/p

Since p = 4/2 = 2

∴ = 60 × 50/2 = 1500 r.p.m.

Slip speed = Synchronous speed - rotor speed

1500 - 1460 = 40 r.p.m.


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