Scribd
Upload
8 views

Unit 3

Uploaded by

Fiza Anu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Unit 3

Uploaded by

Fiza Anu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

MEASUREMENT OF BEHAVIOUR AND

BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION - UNIT 3
BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT
 Measurement of the target behavior (or behaviors) in behavior modification is called behavioral
assessment
It is important because:
 Measuring the behavior before treatment provides information that can help you determine whether
treatment is necessary.
 Behavioral assessment can provide information that helps you choose the best treatment.
 Measuring the target behavior before and after treatment allows you to determine whether the behavior
changed after the treatment was implemented.
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
 DIRECT AND INDIRECT ASSESSMENT

Indirect assessment involves using interviews, questionnaires, and rating scales to obtain information on
the target behavior from the person exhibiting the behavior or from others (e.g., parents, teachers, or
staff). Indirect assessment does not occur when the target behavior occurs but relies on an individual’s
recall of the target behavior.
With direct assessment, a person observes and records the target behavior as it occurs. To observe the
target behavior, the observer (or a video camera, in some cases) must be in close proximity to the person
exhibiting the behavior so that the target behavior can be seen (or heard). In addition, the observer must
have a precise definition of the target behavior so that its occurrence can be distinguished from
occurrences of other behaviors.
BEHAVIOR RECORDING PLAN

Steps needed to develop a behavior recording plan. These steps include the following:
 1. Defining the target behavior
 2. Determining the logistics of recording
 3. Choosing a recording method
 4. Choosing a recording instrument
1. DEFINING THE TARGET BEHAVIOR

 To define the target behavior for a particular person, you must identify exactly what the person says or
does that constitutes the behavioral excess or deficit targeted for change.
 A behavioral definition includes active verbs describing specific behaviors that a person exhibits.
 A behavioral definition is objective and unambiguous.
 Labels are not behavior
 Will two observers agree? One characteristic of a good behavioral definition is that after seeing the
definition, different people can observe the same behavior and agree that the behavior is occurring.
When two people independently observe the same behavior and both record that the behavior
occurred, this is called interobserver agreement (IOA) or interobserver reliability.
2. THE LOGISTICS OF RECORDING

 THE OBSERVER
 The target behavior typically is observed and recorded by a person other than the one exhibiting the
target behavior (i.e., an independent observer). The observer may be a professional, such as a behavior
analyst or a psychologist, or a person routinely associated with the client in the client’s natural
environment.
 In some cases, the observer is the person exhibiting the target behavior. When the client observes and
records his or her own target behavior, it is called self-monitoring
2. THE LOGISTICS OF RECORDING

 WHEN AND WHERE TO RECORD


 The observer records the target behavior in a specific period called the observation period.
 Note that the client or the client’s parent or guardian must give consent before you can observe and
record his or her behavior.
 Observation and recording of behavior take place in natural settings or in analogue settings.
 Observation of the target behavior can be structured or unstructured
 When self-monitoring is used, the client may be able to observe and record the target behavior
throughout the day and may not be constrained by a specific observation period.
 How about in behavior modification research?

- Professionals, Observation period, setting


3. CHOOSING A RECORDING METHOD
 1. continuous recording - the observer observes the client continuously throughout the observation period and
records each occurrence of the behavior.
 Advantages: frequency, rate,duration, real-time, latency

 Percentage of Opportunities
3. CHOOSING A RECORDING METHOD

 2. Product recording / permanent product recording

 An indirect assessment method that can be used when a behavior results in a certain tangible outcome that you are
interested in.
 Advantage: observer does not have to be present when the behavior occurs.

 Disadvantage: you cannot always determine who engaged in the behavior that led to the product you recorded.
3. CHOOSING A RECORDING METHOD

 3. Interval recording

 Method for recording behavior is to record whether the behavior occurred during consecutive time periods

 To use interval recording, the observer divides the observation period into a number of smaller time periods or
intervals, observes the client throughout each consecutive interval, and then records whether the behavior occurred
in that interval.
 At the end of the observation period, the observer reports the percentage of intervals in which the behavior was
observed (the number of intervals in which behavior occurred divided by the number of intervals in the
observation period).
 There are two types of interval recording: partial-interval recording and wholeinterval recording.
3. CHOOSING A RECORDING METHOD

 4. Time Sample Recording

 You divide the observation period into intervals of time, but you observe and record the behavior during only part
of each interval.
4. CHOOSING A RECORDING INSTRUMENT

You might also like