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5 Human Actions

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5 Human Actions

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The Nature of Human Action and its Morality

Definition of Human Action


St. Thomas Aquinas defines
moral acts as the human acts
of which man is the master,
i.e. the deliberate human acts
of the will or endowed with
willfulness.
 Without freedom, the
human act is not moral,
Definition of
human even though, objectively
action speaking, it may be
related to the moral law.
 The intelligence specifies what should be done,
but it is the will that moves to action.
 The appetitive power of reason is called the
will.
Definition  Aquinas describes the will as a native desire
of human for the understood good. That is, it is an
appetite that is responsive to the intellect's
action estimations of what is good or choice worthy.
 Thomas Aquinas argues that human choices
are made by the will and reason working
together.
 The intellect is the human capacity to
cognize.
 The will is the human motivational
capacity; it is the capacity that moves us to
Definition do what we do.
of human  The will depends upon the intellect to
action identify what alternatives for action are
possible and desirable.
 Each man must ordain himself, by himself, to
the end - God.
 This implies conversion to God.
Classification of Human Acts

Classificatio
n of Human
Acts
 "Simply-Will-Acts” those produced
directly by the will; they begin and
end in the will without
Elicited transcending to other faculties.
Acts  An elicited act is an act that you
were “persuaded” to do. The
Person has a choice whether they
want to do it or not.
Analysis of Elicited Acts
Wish - A mere desire for something, no commitment to possess it yet. Example: "Sarap
siguro maging doktor”

Intention - The desired thing is attainable. Example: "Magiging doktor ako”


Consent - The decision to implement means to employ in attaining what is desired.
Example: "Mag-aaral ako mabuti”

Election - The active commitment to enact the chosen means. Example: "Mag-aaral
akong maigi”

Use - The command of the will to the other executive powers of the agent. Example: "Mag-
aaral ako mabuti" (read lessons everyday, submit all requirements, join study groups)

Fruition - The enjoyment of attaining what was desired. Example: "Sarap nga maging
doctor"
 Those acts, which though
originating from the will are
completed through other internal or
Commande external powers of man controlled
d Acts by the will.
 A commanded act is an act that
someone is “ordered” to do. The
person doesn’t have a choice, they
must do it or face consequences.
 Internal Commanded Acts – acts done by the MIND
through the command of the WILL. (Performed in the Mind)

 External Commanded Acts – acts done by the BODY


through the command of the WILL. (Performed through the
Three Types of Body)
Commanded
Acts  Mixed Commanded Acts – acts done by both the BODY
and the MIND. ( Simultaneously performed by both mind
and body)

- All External Acts originate from Internal Acts.


The morality of human acts depends
on;
The Three  The object chosen ( end of the act)
Moral  The end in view or the intention (end of
Determinant the doer)
s
 The circumstances or situation (who,
when where, why, whom, what)
 In contrast to the object, the
intention resides in the acting
subject/person.
The end of the  Good action and good intention
doer/Intention
 Good action and evil intention
 Evil action and evil intention
 Evil action and good intention
A good intention does not
excuse an evil act, any
Moral Principles more than a good act
excuses an evil intention.
 Circumstances can make neither good nor
right an action that is in itself evil. They can,
however, do the reverse: they can make an act
that is good in itself evil:
 Any one of three elements alone is enough to
Moral Principles make an act evil, but one alone is not enough
to make it good, because for any human work
to be good, each of its essential elements must
be good.
 You must (a) Do the right thing (b) For the
right reason (c) In the right way.
Moral/ Morally Good Acts – accordance to the
dictates of right reason.

The three Immoral/Morally Evil Acts – not in


kinds of accordance to the dictates of right reason.
acts
Amoral/ Morally Indifferent Acts – acts that
are neither good nor evil. They are neutral in
terms of moral judgment.
It is the deliberate choice to
ignore or remain unaware, it
WILLED involves actively refusing to
IGNORA seek out or acknowledge
NCE knowledge that contradicts
one’s preconceived notions or
biases.
 Some morally good acts are strictly
commanded or required as our moral
duties.
 Other moral acts are not commanded but
Morally commended, as going beyond the call of
Good Acts duty, such as martyrdom, heroic sacrifice,
and turning the other cheek. These are the
evangelical counsels, summarized in
Christ’s Beatitudes (Mt. 5). They go
beyond the Ten Commandments.
Thank you
!

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