CONSTANTS AND

CONVERSIONS
E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW
CENTER
 ANGLE CONVERSIONS
1 revolution (rev) = 360 degrees
= 2 radians
= 400 grads
= 400 gons
= 6400 mils
= 1 Cycle
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVIEW MEMBERS
METRIC CONVERSIONS - PREFIXES

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
 LENGTH CONVERSIONS
1 ft = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 ft
1 mile = 5280 ft
1 nautical mile = 6080.2 ft
1 nautical mile = 1.152 miles
1 meter =
1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 m = 3.28 ft
1 cm =
1 mile = 1.609 km
1 acre = 43560
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVIEW MEMBERS
VOLUME CONVERSIONS
1
1 gallon (gal) = 3.7854 L
1
1 gallon = 4 quartz (qt)
1 qt = 2 pints
1 bbl (barrel) = 42 gal
1 drum = 1 dr = 55 gal
1 cavan = 25 gantas
1 ganta = 8 chupas = 3 Liters

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
MASS AND WEIGHT/FORCE CONVERSIONS
1 kg = 2.205
1 = 7000 grains = 16 oz
# = (other symbol for pound)
1
1 = 4.449 N = 32.174 poundals = 1 slug – ft/
1 poundal = 1
1 kilopond = 1 kilogram
1 pond = 1 gram
1 ton = 1 English ton = 1 short ton = 2000 lbm = 907.03kg
1 tonne = 1000 kg = 1 Metric ton = 2205 lb
1 long ton = 2240 lb
1 slug = 1 English slug = 32.174 lbm
1 hyl = 1 metric slug = 1.055 slug(English)
1 kip = 1 kilopound = 1000 lb = 1000#
1N=

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
ENERGY AND POWER CONVERSIONS
1 BTU = 778 ft-lb
1 BTU = 1055 Joules = 1.055 kJ
1 BTU = 252 calories
1 hp = 2545 BTU/hr
1 hp = 42.4 BTU/min 1 kJ = 1 kPa -
1 kW = 3412.2 BTU/hr 1 J = 1 N-m = 1 W – s
1 hp = 746 Watts 1 J = 1 Volt – Coulomb
1 chu = 1.8 BTU 1 erg = 1 dyne – cm
1 eV (electron volt) = 1.602 xW-s (const 23)
1 Joule = 1 Therm = 100,000 BTU
1 cal = 4.187 Joules
1 kcal = 4.187 kJ
1 hp = 550
1 hp = 33000
1 ft-lb = 1.356 Joules
1 kwh = 3600 kJ
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVIEW MEMBERS
ADDITIONAL CONVERSION OF UNITS

1 FOOT = 3 HANDS
1 SPAN = 9 INCHES
1 FATHOM = 6 FEET
1 CABLE =120 FATHOMS 1 PECK = 8 QUARTS
1 HECTARE = 100 ARES 1 PACE = 30 INCHES
1 ARE = 100 SQUARE METERS 1 QUINTAL = 100 KILOGRAMS
1 FURLONG = 220 YARDS = 201 METERS 1 SCRUPLE = 20 GRAINS
1 ACRE = 43560 SQ. FT 1 STERE = 1 CUBIC METER
1 LEAGUE = 3 MILES 1 QUARTS = 2 PINTS
1 SECTION = 1 SQ. MILES 1 KIP(KILOPOUND) = 1000 LBS
1 KNOT = 1.152 MPH
1 BBL = 42 GALLONS
1 DRUM = 55 GALLONS

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVI

EW MEMBERS
 TIME CONVERSIONS
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hr = 60 minutes
1 DECADE = 10 YEARS
1 hr = 3600 seconds 1 SCORE = 20 YEARS
1 day = 24 hrs 1 SILVER = 25 YEARS
1 month = 30 days 1 GOLDEN = 50 YEARS
1 DIAMOND = 75 YEARS
1 year = 365 days 1 CENTURY = 100 YEARS
1 leap year = 366 days 1 MILLENIUM = 1000 YEARS
1 year = 8760 hours

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
 PRESSURE CONVERSIONS
1 atm = 14.7 psi (
1 atm = 29.921 in Hg (inches mercury)
1 atm = (meters of Water)
1 atm = 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 101.325 kPa
1 atm = 760 mm Hg ( mm of mercury)
1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 1.0332 kg/
1 bar = 100 kPa

NOTE:
atm = Atmospheric Pressure
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVIEW MEMBERS
 HORSEPOWER CONVERSIONS

HORSEPOWER (METRIC)
HORSEPOWER (ENGLISH)
1 Metric HP = 75 k
1 HP = 550 ft-lbf/s
1 Metric HP = 736 W = 0.736 kW
1 HP = 33, 000 ft-lbf/min
1 Metric HP = 1 French horse
1 HP = 42.4 BTU/min
1 Metric HP = 1 Chueval Vapuer
1 HP = 746 Watts = 0.746kW
1 Metric HP = 1 Pferdestarke
1 HP = 1 Arabian horse
1 Metric HP = 1 P.S. (Power of a horse)
1 HP = 1 mule

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
TEMPERATURE SCALES

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
PARTS AND PERCENTAGE

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
CONSTANTS

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
DENSITY, SPECIFIC WEIGHT
AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY

SG = 1.0 (Water)
SG = 1.03 (Seawater)
SG = 0.80 (Oil)
SG = 13.6 (Mercury)

Note: Density is at STP (standard temperature and pressure)

1 atm pressure and 21

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC HEATS
For Water:
Gas Constant R For Air

R = 0.287
For Ice:

Universal Gas Constant

For Air: = 8.314
= 1545

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
 Specific Heat Ratio k

Argon (Ar)= 1.666

MOLECULAR WEIGHT (MW) Helium (He) = 1.666
C (Carbon) = 12
Mercury (Hg) = 1.666
=2
= 16 x 2 = 32 Neon (Ne) = 1.666
Air = 1.4
Hydrogen (H2) = 1.4
S (Sulfur) = 32 Carbon Monoxide (CO) = 1.399
He (Helium) = 4 Nitrogen (N2) = 1.399
Ammonia (N) = 17 Oxygen (O2) = 1.395
Methane () = 16 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = 1.288
Water (O) = 18
Ammonia (NH3) = 1.304
Methane () = 1.321

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION/VAPORIZATION
For Water/Ice/Steam

For Water to Ice (Fusion/Freezing)

For Boiling Water (Vaporization)

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
CRITICAL TEMPERATURE AND TRIPLE POINT

Critical Temperature of Water:

375°C

Triple Point of Water:

0.01°C, 0.6113 kPa

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION/VAPORIZATION
For Water/Ice/Steam

For Water to Ice (Fusion/Freezing)

For Boiling Water (Vaporization)

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
 GRAVITATIONAL ACCELERATION

g = 32.2 ft/

Universal Gravitational Constant, G Mass of earth

G = 6.67 Radius earth

CALCU: CONSTANT 39

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
1 Pa – s = 10 poise
EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
REVIEW MEMBERS
HEAT TRANSFER
Thermal Conductivity conversion

RADIATION:
Emissivity :
Stefan-Boltzmann Constant
For Black Body

CALCU: CONSTANT 31

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
What is the equivalent 1 TOR = 12,000 BTU/hr = 200BTU/min = 3.516 kW

value of the
following? 1 Tonne = 3.88kW

Insert or Drag & Drop your photo

TOR to kW EER = 3.412COP

Tonne to kW
Formula for EER
1 TOR = 4 FRIGORIES
TOR to frigories

Note: TOR = tons of refrigeration

PRODUCT LOAD CONSTANTS
SPECIFIC HEAT ABOVE FREEZING POINT

𝐶 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒𝐹𝑃

SPECIFIC HEAT BELOW FREEZING POINT

𝐶 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝐹𝑃

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
REFRIGERANT CYLINDER COLORS

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
PIPING COLORS

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
STRESSES
SI UNITS ENGLISH UNITS

• 1 kPa = 1000 Pa
• lb/ = psi
• 1 MPa = 1000 kPa
• 1 kip = 1000 lb
• 1 MPa = 1 N/
• 1 Gpa = 1000 MPa
• kips/ = 1 ksi

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, E
E = 30
= 207

Modulus of Rigidity of Steel, G

G = 12 or 11.5
= 83 or 80

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
• SPECIFIC WEIGHT OF STEEL,

• POISSON’S RATIO OF STEEL,

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
• THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF STEEL,

• MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF ALUMINUM, E

E = 10

EXCLUSIVE ONLY TO E-SARYU MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

REVIEW MEMBERS
POWER TRANSMITTED