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This document discusses radicals and exponents. It defines exponents as a base number raised to a power or index. Laws of exponents are presented, such as multiplying exponents with the same base by adding their powers. Radicals are defined as involving a radical sign and the number underneath is the radicaland. Rules for radicals are shown, such as taking the square root of a number multiplied by itself. Methods are provided for rationalizing denominators and numerators, such as multiplying both by the conjugate. The document concludes by explaining how to simplify fractional expressions using multiplication, division, addition, subtraction and equations.

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133 views

PP PP PP PP PPP PPP PPP PPP PPPP PPPP

This document discusses radicals and exponents. It defines exponents as a base number raised to a power or index. Laws of exponents are presented, such as multiplying exponents with the same base by adding their powers. Radicals are defined as involving a radical sign and the number underneath is the radicaland. Rules for radicals are shown, such as taking the square root of a number multiplied by itself. Methods are provided for rationalizing denominators and numerators, such as multiplying both by the conjugate. The document concludes by explaining how to simplify fractional expressions using multiplication, division, addition, subtraction and equations.

Uploaded by

azuitazoolkiflie
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3

RADICAL AND EXPONENTS, RADICAL AND EXPONENTS,


SROUP MEMERS: SROUP MEMERS:
AZUITA 8T ZOOLIIFLIE AZUITA 8T ZOOLIIFLIE
POSMITAH 8T YACO8 POSMITAH 8T YACO8
FADILAH 8T MAHMUD FADILAH 8T MAHMUD
MOPUJAMMAH 8T ISMAIL MOPUJAMMAH 8T ISMAIL
MOP HATIIAH 8T MOHAMAD MOP HATIIAH 8T MOHAMAD
Learning outcomes :
1. To explain the definitions and
concepts of radical and exponents.
2. To rationalize denominator and
numerator.
3. To simplify a fractional expression.
Definition und concept
of eponents
Definition :
o
n
o is usuoIIy coIIed fhe bose
n is coIIed fhe power or fhe indices
we reod os,
o fo fhe power of n
Exponenfs give us o very convenienf woy of
wrifing very Iorge ond very smoII numbers
MuIfipIying expression wifh some bose :
o
m
x o
n
~ o
m + n
ExompIe :
I0
8
j I0
b
~ I0
I3
Dividing expression wifh some bose :
o
m
~ o
m -n
o
n
EumpIe :
-

-

-

Pepeofed muIfipIicofion of o number


roise fo fhe power :
(o
m
)
n
~ o
m x n
ExompIe :
(4
3
)
Z
~ 4
o
Poising power fo ;ero exponenf :
o
0
~ I
ExompIe :
7
0
~ I
Poising o number fo negofive exponenfs :
o
-n
~ I
o
n
ExompIe :
Lows of exponenfs :
ExompIe I :
ExompIe Z :
FrocfionoI exponenfs :
ExompIe I:
ExompIe Z :
SimpIifying expression confoining
exponenfs :
Example 1:
PodicoI.
Definifion :
InvoIve fhe use of fhe rodicoI sign (1).
Somefimes fhese ore coIIed surds.
fhe number under fhe rodicoI is coIIed fhe
rudicund .
fhe number indicofing fhe roof being foken is coIIed
fhe order,
Low of rodicoI.
ExompIes :
o)
b)
c)
How fo rofionoIi;e fhe
denominofor ond numerofor7
There ore 3 coses:
I. The I
sf
sifuofion : monomioI denominofor.
Z. The Z
nd
sifuofion : more fhon one ferm in
denominofor.
3. The 3
rd
sifuofion : working wifh o reciprocoI.
The I
sf
sifuofion:
When fhe denominofor is o monomioI (one ferm),
muIfipIy bofh fhe numerofor ond fhe denominofor
by whofever mokes fhe denominofor on expression
fhof con be simpIified so fhof if no Ionger confoins
o rodicoI.
ExompIe I:
Sifuofion Z :
When fhere is more fhon one ferm in fhe
denominofor. You wiII need fo muIfipIy fhe
numerofor ond denominofor by fhe denominofors
congugute. The conjugofe is fhe some expression
os fhe denominofor buf wifh fhe opposife sign in
fhe middIe, seporofing fhe ferms.
ExompIe Z:
Sifuofion 3 :
When working wifh fhe reciprocoI of on
expression confoining o rodicoI,
if moy be necessory fo rofionoIi;e fhe
denominofor.
ExompIe 3:
Pemember
When simpIify fhe rodicoI, moke sure fhof
Mo frocfion Ieff under fhe rodicoI symboI.
Mo rodicoI oppeoring in fhe denominofor of o
frocfionoI onswer.
Mo exponenf in fhe rodicond, k ore greofer fhon
fhe index, n.
How fo simpIify o frocfionoI
expression7
There ore mony fypes of frocfionoI
expression fhof we con simpIify:
MuIfipIicofion
Division
Addifion ond subfrocfion.
FrocfionoI equofion
MuIfipIicofion
ProbIem I:
Division.
SoIve fhis:
SoIufion.
ProbIem 3:
SoIve fhis:
SoIufion.
fhe denominofor is fuIIy focfored
SoIufion:
The equofion ore fuIIy focfored.
Addifion.
Addifion ond subfrocfion.

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