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Empyema

A hemothorax is blood in the pleural cavity caused by trauma or medical procedures. Symptoms include chest pain and difficulty breathing. It is diagnosed through imaging and treated initially with chest tube drainage, and sometimes requires surgery if bleeding does not stop.

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Diksha Paudel
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18 views

Empyema

A hemothorax is blood in the pleural cavity caused by trauma or medical procedures. Symptoms include chest pain and difficulty breathing. It is diagnosed through imaging and treated initially with chest tube drainage, and sometimes requires surgery if bleeding does not stop.

Uploaded by

Diksha Paudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEMOTHORAX

The term hemothorax can be


defined as the entry of pleural
fluid and blood into the pleural
cavity.
 It needs to be pleural fluid
with a hematocrit of 25% - 50%
of the patient’s blood to be
diagnosed as a hemothorax.
Causes

The primary cause of haemothorax is sharp or blunt


trauma to the chest.
Iatrogenic or spontaneous haemothorax occur less
frequently.
Iatrogenic haemothorax most likely occurs as a
complication of cardiopulmonary surgery, placement
of subclavian or jugular catheters, or lung and
pleural-biopsies.[
Clinical features

Chest Pain
Dyspnoea
Fever
Tachycardia
Reduced breath sounds on the affected side
Pallor
Cold Sweats
Diagnosis:

History physical examination


Chest x-ray
CT scan
Ultrasound
MRI
Pneumothorax
z
Thoracostomy:
Initial management in most cases is through chest
tube drainage where a large tube as an adequate initial
approach unless an aortic dissection or rupture is
suspected.
After the tube thoracostomy has been performed, a chest
X-ray CXR should be repeated in order to identify the
position of the chest tube, to reveal other intrathoracic
pathology and to confirm whether the collection of
blood within the pleural cavity has been fully drained
VATS: Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery:
if bleeding >200ml/hr no sign of slowing
down
CT guided arterial emobilisation: to detect bleeding site
and stop bleeding
 A thoracotomy is the procedure of choice for surgical
exploration of the chest when a massive haemothorax or
persistent bleeding is present
Prophylatics antibiotics:
to prevent empyema (5.6% receiving no
antibiotics developed empyema)

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