TOWN PLANNING

 Urban, rural and regional entities – definitions,

attributes, distinct challenges and comprehensive
planning approaches;
 urban planning and regional planning attributes;
 definition of land use;
 social and physical infrastructure, economic base,
housing, transportation and socio-cultural
parameters;
 key issues and challenges.
 URBAN AREA
 An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following:
1. Administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area
within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town
committee),
2. A threshold population size (where the minimum for an
urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people,
although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000),
3. Population density, economic function (e.g., where a
significant majority of the population is not primarily
engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus
employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g.,
paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).
 URBAN AREA
 Indian Census definition of urban area
 (1) All statutory places with a municipality, corporation,
cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc.
 (2) All place satisfying the following three criteria
simultaneously:
I) a minimum population of 5,000;
ii) at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in
non-agricultural pursuits; and
iii) a density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per
sq. mile).
 Towns with population of 1,00,000 and above are called cities.
 A Metropolitan area is an extended urban agglomeration,
which has a population of ten lakhs or more. According to
2001 census population details we have 30 metropolitan
areas in India.
 URBAN INDIA

Number of Towns and UA s/OGs

1. Class I UAs/cities:468 (above 1 lakh)

2. Million Plus UAs/cities: 53 UAs/Towns
3. Mega Cities: more than 10 million persons in the country, known
as Mega Cities. Greater Mumbai UA (18.4 million), Delhi UA (16.3
million) and Kolkata UA (14.1 million).
 RURAL AREA
 Village is recognised as the basic area of habitation.
 In general, rural areas share the common characteristics
of comparatively few people living in an area, limited
access to large cities (and sometimes even to smaller
towns), and considerable traveling distances to “market
areas” for work and everyday living activities.
 The "rural sector" means any place as per the latest
census which meets the following criteria,
 A population of less than 5,000
 Density of population less than 400 per sq km and
 more than "25 per cent of the male working population" is
engaged in agricultural pursuits.
 REGION

 The term region is generally used to define area separated

not merely or exclusively by physical boundaries, but
equally by political and administrative boundaries.
 A region may be defined as an area with in which
interaction is more intense than its interaction with other
areas.
 Ex: An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread
constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths (OGs), or
two or more physically contiguous towns together with or
without outgrowths of such towns. An Urban
Agglomeration must consist of at least a statutory town
and its total population (i.e. all the constituents put
together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001
Census.
 DISTINCT
CHALLENGES
 Housing shortages is largely an urban problem.

 Housing shortage Worse in developing countries

 - High rates of internal migration

 - High rates of natural increase in population

 - Limited resources

 The world's slum population is growing, now totaling around 1 billion

 32% of the global urban population (UNHABITAT)

 Other challenges are acute human poverty, overcrowding, limited civic

infrastructure, environmental degradation seen in most mega cities.

 Cities are major culprits of environmental degradation; cities are

responsible for 75—80 per cent of all such toxic emissions
 COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
APPROACH
 Getting Organized: a leader should be appointed to coordinate the work.
 Data Collection: collect data on existing conditions. The data that is to be
collected should relate to each of the elements that will make up the plan.
 Analyzing Data: The data should be analyzed for trends or other types of
significant points. Upon thorough review and analysis, the next step in the
process is to come up with goals and objectives. SWOT Analysis
 Goal Setting: The comprehensive plan should conclude with a set of
recommendations established by the committee. The recommendations
should be in the form of goals and objectives.
 Citizen Participation: Throughout the entire comprehensive planning
process, citizen input should be obtained.
 Comprehensive planning is a tool that citizens can use to achieve this goal.
 SWOT

 Analyzing Data
 SWOT Analysis
Situation analysis

Internal Environment External Environment

Strength- Weakness Opportunity- Treat

SWOT Profile

The SWOT Analysis can serve as an interpretative filter to

reduce the information to a manageable quantity.
SWOT
 LAND USE

 land use, exploitation of land for agricultural,

industrial, residential, recreational, or other purposes.
 In planning the use of land can broadly classified into
two categories
 Profit making use of land: developed with profit
making motive and the sites for offices, residences,
industries etc. are examples of profit making use of
land.
 Non profit making use of land: developed without any
profit making motive and it includes roads, parks,
playgrounds, educational buildings, government
offices etc.
 HOUSING
 A house is a pucca or semi pucca unit of dwelling that
can accommodate an average household (NBO).
 Requirements of house

• Height: proportionate • Space: min floor

to the width of the space per person 4.65
road. m2.
• Location • Utility services
• Orientation: w.r.t rain, • Ventilation
sun and wind. • Parks and open
• Privacy spaces
• Security
 KEY ISSUES IN
HOUSING

1. Immobility: unlike food and clothing housing is

immobile. Development of transport and trade
has little impact on the housing problem.

2. Initial investment: heave initial investment.

3. Other problems: housing problem also attracts

the several other factors creation of slums, social
insecurity etc.
 TRANSPORTATION

1.Air ways

2.Water ways

3.Road ways

4.Railways

 Objects of urban roads:

1. To facilitate communication of men and material.

2. To provide air and light to the properties situated their edges.

3. To provide space for laying the public utility services like

water mains, drainage pipes, electric cables, telephone line
etc.
 TRANSPORTATION

 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DESIGNING A ROAD.

 Destination: the points or centers or areas which are to
be linked up by the road are to be studied w.r.t their
capacity of attracting traffic.
 Importance of road: w.r.t surrounding road ascertained
and accordingly facilities and dimensions are to be
defined.
 Nature of traffic: w.r.t intensity, peak periods, type of
vehicles, parking Facilities etc..
 Use of road: maximum use of the road during the day.