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CSC 111 Lecture 2

The document discusses the history and types of computers. It covers generations of computers from first to fifth generation and classifications based on purpose, data handled, size and functionality. It also explains the basic operations and components of a computer system.

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mosesmichelle295
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7 views

CSC 111 Lecture 2

The document discusses the history and types of computers. It covers generations of computers from first to fifth generation and classifications based on purpose, data handled, size and functionality. It also explains the basic operations and components of a computer system.

Uploaded by

mosesmichelle295
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COS/CSC 101/111

LECTURE 2
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING

DR. ZUBAIR ADAM


DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF SCIENCE 1
LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY
OVERVIEW

 Introduction to & History of Computer


 Basic Computer Configuration
 Hardware (Input, Storage and Output Devices)
 Software (Operating System, Application Software, etc.)
 Internet
 Using personal computers as effective problem-solving tools for the
present and future.​
 Computer application areas and technological trends.​
2
History of Computer
Generations of computers
S/N Generation Component Used

1 First Generation (1946-1954 ) Vacuum tubes

2 Second Generation (1955-1965) Transistors

3 Third Generation (1968-1975 ) Integrated Circuits (IC)

4 Fourth Generation ( 1976-1980) Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI)

5 Fifth Generation (1980 – till today ) Ultra Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI) Micro
Processor (SILICON CHIP)
3
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

 Computers differ based on their data processing abilities. They are classified according
to
 i. Purpose,
 ii. Data handling,
 iii. Size, and
 iv. Functionality

4
KINDS OF COMPUTER (Purpose)

COMPUTER

GENERAL SPECIAL
PURPOSE PURPOSE
5
KIND OF COMPUTER (Data Handled)

COMPUTER

ANALOGUE HYBRID DIGITAL

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ANALOGUE COMPUTER

 Analog computers are used to process analogue data.


 Analog data is of continuous nature and which is not discrete or
separate.
 Such type of data includes temperature, pressure, speed weight,
voltage, depth etc.
 These quantities are continuous and having an infinite variety of
values.
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DIGITAL COMPUTER

 A Digital Computer works with digits to represent numerals, letters or


other special symbols.
 Digital Computers operate on inputs which are ONOFF type and its
output is also in the form of ONOFF signal.
 Normally, an ON is represented by a 1 and an OFF is represented by a 0.
 A digital computer can be used to process numeric as well as non-
numeric data.
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HYBRID COMPUTER

 A hybrid is a combination of digital and analog computers.


 It combines the best features of both types of computers, i-e. It has the
speed of analog computer and the memory and accuracy of digital
computer.
 Hybrid computers are used mainly in specialized applications where
both kinds of data need to be processed. Therefore, they help the user,
to process both continuous and discrete data.
9
KIND OF COMPUTER (Size)

 Mobile Computer
 Microcomputer
 Minicomputers
 Mainframes
 Supercomputer

10
KIND OF COMPUTER (Size)

COMPUTER

Super Mini Micro Mainframe Mobile

11
KINDS OF COMPUTER (Functionality)

COMPUTER

Information Embedded
Server Workstation
appliances computers

12
Mobile Computer

 Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a


computer is expected to be transported during normal usage.
 Being able to use a computing device even when being mobile and
therefore changing location.
 Portability is one aspect of mobile computing.

13
Micro-Computer

 A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a


microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU)
 A small, single-user computer based on one microprocessor.
 Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals.

14
Mini-Computer

 A midsized computer.
 In size and power, minicomputers lie between
workstations and mainframes.
 A minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable
of supporting hundreds users simultaneously.

15
Mainframe Computer

 A very large and expensive computer capable of


supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users
simultaneously.
 In some ways, mainframes are more powerful than
supercomputers because they support more
simultaneous programs.
 But supercomputers can execute a single program
faster than a mainframe.
16
Mainframe Computer (Cont…)

 These computers are capable of handling and


processing very large amounts of data quickly.
 Mainframe computers are used in large institutions
such as government, banks and large corporations.

17
Super Computer

 The fastest type of computer.


 Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require immense amounts of
mathematical calculations.
 An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions
of instructions per second.
 focused on performing tasks involving intense numerical
calculations such as weather forecasting, fluid dynamics, nuclear
simulations, theoretical astrophysics, and complex scientific
computations.
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Computer Operations

 Computer is an electronic machine that performs the following five


basic operations: –
 Input
 Process
 Output
 Store

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Computer Operations (Input)

Input: Data is gathered/acquired


Manually
Automatically
Both
20
Computer Operations (Processing)

Processing
It is the transformation process to convert the input into
output.
A process is an instance of running a program.
It cause the computer to follow instructions from the
Memory.
 by Central Processing Unit (CPU).
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Computer Operations (Processing)

The CPU has three parts


 Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU): The part of a computer
that performs all arithmetic computations, such as addition
and multiplication, and all comparison operations.
Control Unit: The control unit is the circuitry that
controls the flow of data through the processor, and
coordinates the activities of the other units within it.
Input / Output Unit (I/O): The computer components that 22
control input and output devices
Computer Operations (Output)

Computer Output
It is the result, which comes from the
transformation process or it is the outcome of the
process.
Anything that comes out of a computer.
Example: – Report – Music – Graphic – Video clip
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Computer Constituent

Hardware is any part of your computer that has a


physical structure, such as the computer monitor
or keyboard.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the
hardware what to do. It is what guides the
hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. 24
Component of a
Desktop
Computer

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System Unit

The system unit is the core of a computer system.


The most important of these components is the central processing
unit (CPU), or microprocessor, which acts as the "brain" of your
computer.
Another component is random access memory (RAM), which
temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the
computer is on.
Almost every other part of your computer connects to the system
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unit using cables.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU, or the Central Processing


Unit, is the brain of the computer and
the single most important chip in the
computer.
The CPU performs the system's
calculating and processing.
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